E2: Digit amputation, Bone spavins, Splints, Proximal sesamoids Flashcards
What is the dose for penicillin?
20,000-22,000 IU/kg BID
What are the treatment options for chronic septic arthritis of the DIJ in cattle?
Facilitated ankylosis
Amputation
Culling
For how long can a tourniquet be left on?
Up to 2 hours
What can you do to prevent neuropraxia when a tourniquet needs to be placed?
Use padding under the touniquet
Do you use an open or closed amputation technique if spesis is present?
Open
Chronic repetitive compression, torsion and shear strains cause the formation of ______.
Bone spavins
What is this needle (in the green circle) for?
Identification / orientation
T/F: The bandage after an ampuation should be placed immediately after the touniquet is removed.
False, bandage before removing tourniquet
What is the average survival time post digit amputation in cattle?
2 years
Some never recover
Why do some cattle never recover from amputation?
Rapid breakdown of supporting structures
On the thoracic limb, digit amputation is more successful if it is the _____ digit.
Lateral
On the pelvic limb, digit amputation is more successful if it is the _____ digit.
Medial
What is the upper limit (kg) for successful amputation?
341 kg
What is good antibiotic choice for IA use in a cow with acute septic arthritis of the DIJ?
Florfenicol (FFC)
What is used to create arthrotomies during a facilitated ankylosis procedure in the DIJ of cattle?
Trephine
What do you submit for culture before removing infected cartilage and bone during an ankylosis?
Subchondral bone
Bone spavins are DJD of the ______ and the _____ joints on the ____ aspect of the joint.
Distal intertarsal (DIT)
Tarsometatarsal (TMT)
Medial
What is this abnormal conformation called? What is the more severe version of this called?
Sickle hocked
“Camped under”
What is this abnormal conformation called? Horses that perform what types of activities are prone to this?
Cow hocked
Western performace horses: Cutting, Reining, Roping, Barrel racing
What view is this?
DLPMO
What view is this?
DMPLO
On which view can you see both ridges of the talus?
DLPMO
Which aspects are viewed in a DLPMO
Dorso-medial
Lateral-plantar/palmar
For how long do you hold a proximal limb flexion/spavin test?
90 seconds
T/F: Medical management for bone spavins has a highly variable success rate.
True
35-70% with IA tx
What is the goal of surgical management of bone spavins?
Ankylosis
What surgery can be done to decrease rotational and shearing forces?
Cunean tenectomy
T/F: 70% ethanol and MIA (monoiodoacetate) and 2 commonly used agents for chemical ankylosis.
False, MIA is no longer used due to the high morbidity it causes
Why are 3 drill tracts at 30deg diverging angles created when ankylosing the TMT or DIJ joints? (i.e. what is the goal)
Spot welding the joint
What is the average time to return to soundness after surgical ankylosis?
7.5 months
3.5 - 12 mo
How does laser facilitated ankylosis work?
Destroys cartilage by superheating and vaporizing synovial fluid
Which method of facilitated ankylosis results in a return to work the following day in many horses?
Ethyl alcohol
A 3 year old TB racehorse presents with an acute grade 5/5 lameness. What is the first step in diagnosis of the problem?
a. Nerve block
b. Flexion test
c. Survey rads
c. Survey rads
Severe lameness is an indication to not do a nerve block
Fractures of P1 occur most commonly in the ________ plane.
Sagittal
Where do you place the first screw (in lag fashion) when repairing a sagittal P1 fracture? At what intervals are additonal screws placed?
Proximally within 5mm of the sagittal groove (to align the articular surface)
20-22mm
Are fractures of the proximal phalanx more common in the fore or hindlimb?
Forelimb
75%
Which bones are the splint bones?
MC/MT II
MC/MT IV
In this DP view of the carpus, what is the top arrow pointing to? Bottom arrow?
Top: Carpal bone IV
Bottom: Metacarpal bone IV (Lateral splint bone)
There is less of an articular relationship between the head of the lateral splint bone and the fourth_____ bone in the ___limb.
Tarsal
Hind
How much of the distal forelimb splint bone can be surgically removed?
2/3
Care must be taken not to engage _______ when plating a splint bone fracture of the forelimb.
Metacarpal bone III
(MC III/ Cannon bone)
What surgery is appropriate for this patient who has an old malunion fracture of the lateral splint bone resulting in chronic lameness?
Segmental ostectomy
A young horse with a history of splint exostosis whose bone lesion has healed has a painful bump (as seen in the picture) and is lame. What structure is involved?
Suspensory ligament
Desmitis
Which artery/arteries must you look out for when performing surgery on the lateral splint bone of the hindlimb?
Dorsal metatarsal (between splint and cannon) and Digital plantar (plantar to splint)
Also nerves and digital plantar vein
What is the most common fracture of the proximal sesamoid bones?
Apical fracture
What are the 3 places to get a pulse on a horse?
Facial artery
Transverse facial artery
Dorsal metatarsal artery
What type of fracture is this? What is the layman’s term? In which horses are these common?
Stress fracture of dorsal cortex of MCIII
Bucked shins
Young racehorses
T/F: Long distance galloping rather than regular short distance breezing is indicated for the prevention of bucked shins.
False, opposite
How is the prognosis for bucked shins and saucer fractures for return to racing?
Good
What fracture is shown here?
Apical sesamoid fracture
How much of the sesamoid bone can be moved arthroscopically?
Up to 1/3
You wish to evaluate the suspensory ligament in a horse with an apical sesamoid fracture. How will you do this?
Ultrasound
What type of fixation is required for a midbody sesamoid fracture? What is the preferred surgery?
Internal fixation
Lag screw with arthroscopic guidance
T/F: Abaxial sesamoid fractures are usually displaced.
False, uusally not displaced
What view must you take when you have an abaxial sesamoid fracture to see if the fracture is articular?
60degree skyline view
What type of fracture is shown here? How is the prognosis for RTR?
Basilar fracture of the proximal sesamoid bone
Poor
