E2: Ophtho

Question 1

What can you do to treat mild entropium in a 2 weeks old foal?

Answer 1

Inject saline (to unroll the lower lid)

Question 2

T/F: Eyelid coloboma can be congenital or acquired through trauma.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What technique is used to remove large eyelid masses?

Answer 3

Sliding flap technique

Question 4

What nerve do you block to prevent the eyelids from blinking?

Answer 4

Supraorbital nerve

Question 5

What is the arrow pointing at?

Answer 5

Borow’s triangle

Question 6

What are the layers of the cornea?

Answer 6

Tear film

Corneal epithelium

Basement membrane

Corneal stroma

Desmete’s membrane

Endothelium

Question 7

Which layer of the cornea is the thickest? Which layer is one cell layer thick?

Answer 7

Corneal stoma

Endothelium

Question 8

How can you use surgery to assist the healing of a deep corneal ulcer?

Answer 8

Perform conjunctival pedicle flap surgery

Question 9

What condition occurs if there is an eye lacteration resulting in the iris being pulled through the laceration?

Answer 9

Staphyloma

Question 10

Which of the following statements concerning bacterial and/or fungal keratitis in horses is true?

a. Most cases are thought to be initiated by trauma
b. The conjunctival sac of the normal equine eye is sterile
c. Common presenting signs include blepharospasm, epiphora, and corneal edema or opacity.
d. a and c
e. a, b, and c

Answer 10

d. a and c

Question 11

Which of the following organisms are frequently found in normal equine eyes?

a. Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Aspergillus
b. Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Trichophyton
c. Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Streptococcus, Trichohyton
d. Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Streptococcus, Aspergillus

Answer 11

​d. Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Streptococcus, Aspergillus

Question 12

Which type of synechiae is seen in equine recurrent uveitis?

Answer 12

Posteior

Question 13

Which of the following organisms are frequently cultured from the conjunctiva and cornea of horses with external eye disease?

a. Staph, Pseudomonas, ASpergillus, Trichophyton
b. Strep, Pseudomonas, Clostridium, Aspergillus
c. Step, Staph, Pseudomonas, Aspergillus
d. Pseudomonas, Clostridium, Aspergiluus, Trichophyton

Answer 13

c. Step, Staph, Pseudomonas, Aspergillus

Question 14

Evaluation of a horse with heratitis should include

a. sedation and regional anesthesia
b. examination with a good-quality light source and magnification
c. bacterial culture of anterior chamber exudate
d. a and b
e. a, b, and c

Answer 14

e. a, b, and c

Question 15

Ulcerative keratitis caused by infection may show which of the following clinical signs?

a. lack of fluorescein dye retention, focal corneal opacity, blepharospasm, and miosis
b. fluroscein dye retention, smooth, epiphora, and mydriasis
c. fluroscein dye retention, irregular lesion margins, corneal melting, and miosis
d. lack of fluroscein dye retention, corneal edema, hypopyon, hyphema, and mydriasis

Answer 15

c. fluroscein dye retention, irregular lesion margins, corneal melting, and miosis

Question 16

Corneal stomal abscesses are associated with which of the following clinical signs?

a. lack of fluroscein dye retention, focal corneal opacity, blepharospasm, and miosis
b. fluroscein dye retention, smooth lesion margins, epiphora, and mydriasis
c. fluroscein dye retention, irregular margins, corneal melting, and miosis
d. lack of fluroscein dye retention, corneal edema, hypopyon, hyphema, and mydriasis

Answer 16

a. lack of fluroscein dye retention, focal corneal opacity, blepharospasm, and miosis

Question 17

Before results of C&S testing become available, a horse with a rapidly progressive melting corneal ulcer (with miotic pupil and hypopyon) should be treated with

a. topically applied neomycin-bacitracin-polymyxin B- hydrocortisone combination
b. topically applied gentamicin
c. IM injection of penicillin and streptomycin
d. a and b
e. all of the above

Answer 17

b. topically applied gentamicin

+ Atropine

Question 18

Which of the following statements regarding the frequency of topical antibiotic treatment is correct?

a, Ointments should be applied at least BID and solutions should be applied every hour

c. Ointments and solutions should be applied at least QID and solutions at least six times daily
d. If systemic antibiotics are used, topical ointments or solutions can be applied TID.

Answer 18

c. Ointments and solutions should be applied at least QID and solutions at least six times daily

Question 19

Keratitis can be treated with appropriate topical antimicrobial therapy in addition to which of the following combinations of meds?

a. Topical atropine, subconjunctival antibiotics, systemic NSAIDs
b. Subconjunctival antibiotics, topical steroids, systemic NSADs
c. Topical atropine, systemic antibiotics, systemic steroids
d. Topical atropine, tropical steroids, systemic NSAIDs

Answer 19

a. Topical atropine, subconjunctival antibiotics, systemic NSAIDs

Question 20

Surgical debridement followed by application of a conjunctival pedicle flap offers which of the following therapeutic advantages?

a. excision of necrotic corneal stroma
b. excision of infectious agents and proteolytic enzymes
c. resoration of corneal integrity
d. provision of circulation to the lesion
e. all of the above

Answer 20

e. all of the above

Question 21

What advanced imaging modality can be used to visualize retinal attachent?

Answer 21

Ultrasound

Question 22

What surgery can be performed for ERU?

Answer 22

Vitrectomy