E2: Laparoscopy, Ceilotomy Flashcards
_______ is used for cryptorchidectomy, ovariectomy, abdominal exploration, and selective biopsy of internal organs.
Laparoscopy
What is the special anesthetic requirement for patients undergoing an abdominal laparoscopy?
Intermittent postitive pressure ventilation (IPPV)
Which vessels are most often injured during a ventral laparoscopy?
Caudal epigastric artery and vein
What is the most common indication for laparoscopy?
Cryptorchidism
In addition to arthroscopic equipment, what other 2 pieces of equipment are required for laparoscopic surgery?
CO2 insufflator to distend abdomen
Verres needle
What flow rate should the CO2 insufflator be set during laparoscopy?
10 L/min
What is the needle called that is spring-loaded in order to prevent punctuirng internal organs when entering the abdominal cavity during laparoscopy?
Verres needle
This condition, induced using CO2 insufflation in order to distend and separate the abdominal wall from its contents, is used for laparascopic procedures to ensure visual clarity and space to perform diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
Pneumoperitoneum
Which 4 cavities are created for laparoscopic procedures via CO2 insufflation and pneumoperitoneum creation?
Right body wall & Cecum
Left body wall & Spleen
Mesentery & Cecum
Mesentery & Spleen
What are the landmarks for laparoscopy in the horse?
Tuber coxae
Internal abdominal oblique muscle
18th rib
During a recumbent laparoscopy, an overhead hoist is used. The hind quarters are elevated so abdominal contents is moved cranially. ____________ must be performed because the pressure from the abdominal organs prevent the diaphragm from moving.
IPPV
What angle is the horse placed in for a recumbent laparoscopy?
30 degrees
T/F: Prep for a right flank laparotomy includes shaving the area.
True
Not just clipping of the fur
What knot is used for closing the incision site of a laparoscopic procedure?
Roeder knot
What is this? What is it used for?
PDS clip
Clamping blood vessels (Smaller ones)
A laparoscope used for adult equine laproscopy should be
a. longer than 50cm, should have a 0deg angle, and should be 10mm in diameter
b. 35cm long, should have a 30deg angle, and should be 5mm in diameter
c. longer than 50cm, should have a 30deg angle, and should be 10mm in diameter
d. 35cm long, should have a 0 angle, and should be 10mm in diameter
e. longer than 50cm, should have a 30deg angle, and should be 5mm in diameter
c. longer than 50cm, should have a 30deg angle, and should be 10mm in diameter
The main disadvantage of using CO2 for abdominal insufflation is:
a. cost
b. post-op discomfort
c. the formation of gas emboli
d. availability
e. b and c
b. post-op discomfort
CO2 not likely to cause air emboli
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. The laproscopic trocar-cannula should be placed after the abdominal cavity has been insufflated.
b. Complete evaluation of the abdomen during standing laparoscopy necessitates entering both sides of the abdomen.
c. The abdomen should be maximally insufflated (>35mmHg) to avoid penetrating visera with the laparopscopic trocar-cannula.
d. IPPV is required during laparoscopy with general anesthesia
e. The use of a high-flow insufflator (>10L/min) is recommended for lapraoscopy in adult horses.
c. The abdomen should be maximally insufflated (>35mmHg) to avoid penetrating visera with the laparopscopic trocar-cannula.
* Must be <20 mmHg to avoid affecting cardiopulmonary function*
The technique for performing laparoscopy for ovariectomy via ventral abdominal approach involves
a. a 1.5cm skin incision to the left of the midline for insertion og the laparoscopic trocar-cannula
b. a stab incision at the umbillicus for placement of a tear cannula to establish pneumoperitoneum
c. instrument portal placement at any location along the ventral midline
d. a 1.5cm skin incision at the umbilicus for insertion of the laparoscopic trocar-cannula
e. b and d
d. a 1.5cm skin incision at the umbilicus for insertion of the laparoscopic trocar-cannul
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. Instrument portals are closed in three layers.
b. When making instrument portals, it is important to make the skin incision longer than the abdominal incision
c. Instrument portals should always be located approximately 5-10cm from the midline cranial to the umbillicus
d. After surgery, patients should be stall rested for 2 months
e. a and b
b. When making instrument portals, it is important to make the skin incision longer than the abdominal incision
What are the 2 major disadvantages to small animal laparoscopic surgey?
High cost of instrumentation
Steep learning curve for the operator
What is essential in maintaining hemostasis during minimally invasive surgery, such as laparoscopy?
Electrosurgery
What can be used as an alternative to a Veress needle in small animal laparoscopic surgery?
Hasson cannula
____ can occur in the last 3 months of gestation or the first 3 months of lactation due to changes in ______, ______, and _______ of the abomasum.
LDA
Dimensions
Position
Volume
What is the best light source/type to use for a small animal lapraoscopy?
Xenon
T/F: The effects of laparoscopy on the cardiopulmonary function of an anesthetized patient includes increased intrapulmonary shunting.
True
A right flank _______ and a left flank _____ are surgical options for the correction of a LDA.
Omentopexy
Abomasopexy
Which of these organs CANNOT be palpated from a right flank celiotomy?
a. Liver
b. Left kidney
c. Right kidney
d. Auricles
e. Urinary bladder
d. Auricles
For a left flank abomasopexy, ___ straight intestinal needles are needed with ___ feet of suture in between.
2
3
In a right paramedian abomasopexy, the which aspect of the greater curvature of the abomasum is sutured to the peritoneum?
Lateral
In what position do you place a cow for a closed suture or bar technique? Where should the “ping” be?
Right laterla recumbency the dorsal recumbency
Right paramedian
How can you medically treat a cow with a simple RDA?
Calcium, dextrose, and exercise
How can you differentiate cecal dilation/volvulus from RDA?
Cecal D and V can be palpated on rectal exam (right at enterence to pelvic inlet)
