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LA Sx scs RUSVM > E2: Sarcoids, Melanoma, Stapling > Flashcards

E2: Sarcoids, Melanoma, Stapling Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most commo tumor in horses?

A

Sarcoid

Spontaneous, locallly invasive, fibrobastic skin tumor

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2
Q

While metastasis does not occur with equine sarcoids, _______ is extremely common.

A

Recurrence

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3
Q

What is the suspected cause of equine sarcoids?

A

Bovine Papilloma Virus

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4
Q

What are the forms of equine sarcoids?

A

Fibroblastic (proud flesh-like)

Verrucous (warty)

Combination of both

Occult (Slightly raised)

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5
Q

What form of sarcoid is this?

A

Verrucous

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6
Q

The equine sarcoid is a neoplasm that

a. ls locally invasive
b. Can metastasize internally
c. Is well encapsulated and benign
d. Can invade blood vessels and lymphatics
e. occurs most commonly in the summer

A

a. ls locally invasive

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7
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT a distinguishing feature of the histopathology of equine sarcoids?

a. hyperplastic and hyperkeratotic epidermis
b. Fibroblasts and fibrocytes arranges in an organized pattern perpendicular to the surface
c. Irregularly arranged fibroblasts and fibrocytes arranged in a whorl or bundle formation
d. No invasion of the underlying muscle
e. marked rete-peg formation

A

b. Fibroblasts and fibrocytes arranges in an organized pattern perpendicular to the surface

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8
Q

Most authorities believe the equine sarcoids are the result of

a. bacterial infection
b. viral infection
c. chronic infections
d. chronic granulation tissue
e. nonspecific carcinogens

A

b. viral infection

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9
Q

What chemotherapy agent is used for sarcoids?

A

Cisplatin

+ Sesame oil

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10
Q

Which of the following statements about equine sarcoids is NOT true?

a. Histologically, the sarcoid resembles habronemiasis
b. Grossly sarcoids can resemble exuberant granilation tissue, cutaneous habronemiasis, SCC, equine papillomas, and dermatophytosis
c. Occult sarcoids may be confused with neurofibromas
d. Verrucos sarcoids can transform into fibroblastic sarcoids
e. Surgical exicision has been reportedly followed by a 50% recurrence rate.

A

a. Histologically, the sarcoid resembles habronemiasis

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11
Q

Cryosurgery results in tissue destruction by

a. cellular hydration resulting in cell-membrane destruction
b. changing cell-membrane integrity by denaturing lipoprotein complexes, resuting in impermiability
c. Thermal shock after freezing takes place
d. Formaiton of intra- and extra-cellular ice crystals
e. All of the above

A

e. All of the above

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12
Q

Which of the following statements about cryosurgery is FALSE?

a. Maximum lethal effecrs are achieved using a fast-freeze, fast-thaw method
b. Liquid nitrogen is the most popular cryogen and requires the least equipment
c. Therocouple needles are considered invaluable
d. The temperature of the lesion should be taken down to -20 to -30C
e. The surrounding healthy tissue should be protected from freezing

A

a. Maximum lethal effecrs are achieved using a fast-freeze, fast-thaw method

Fast-freeze, slow-thaw is desired; repeated twice (at least)

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13
Q

Which of the following statements is FALSE about post-freezing care?

a. Routine tetanus prophylaxis should be given
b. Tissue undergoing cryonecrosis forms a leathery scar afrer the intial edema and hyperemia
c. The frozen tissue may take up to 8 weeks to slough
d. Healing time varies, but healing is always by first intention
e. The healed lesions usually have some white hairs present.

A

d. Healing time varies, but healing is always by first intention

Second intention

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14
Q

Which treatment regimen has NOT been recommended for sacoid therapy after proper excision?

a. 20% 5-fluorouracil daily q30-90 days
b. Radiation therapy using various programs
c. Podophyllin mixed with a carrier applied at 3- to 4-day intervals
d. Benzoin mixed with a carrier applies at 3- to 4-day intervals for 30-90 days
e. BCG injected regionally

A

d. Benzoin mixed with a carrier applies at 3- to 4-day intervals for 30-90 days

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15
Q

Whihc of the following statements is NOT true about BCG therapy?

a. BCG is an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis
b. BCG has a specific effect on cell-mediated immunity
c. BCG is a recnstituted vaccine
d. The vaccine is a cell-wall product with an oil adjuvant
e. An anti-inflammatory response is expected with BCG therapy, but remission may take several months

A

b. BCG has a specific effect on cell-mediated immunity

Non-specific effect on CMI

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16
Q

T/F: Melanoma is always benign.

A

False

17
Q

What melanoma treatment is being shown here?

A

Intratumoral chemotherapy (Cisplatin) and local hyperthermia (microwaves)

18
Q

What horses are predisposed to melanoma?

A

Gray horses

19
Q

T/F: Standard local treatment options can be used to treat solitary early-stage lesions but do
not address the underlying risk of recurrent tumor formation or the transformation to a malignant
phenotype.

A

True

20
Q

In order to slide skin for removal of a melanoma, what is the maximum amount of skin that can be undermined?

A

4cm

21
Q

The graying process. which occurs around 5-8 years of age,
is an autosomal _______trait that is associated with an increased risk of
both melanoma and _____.

A

Dominant

Vitiligo

22
Q

The most common
external locations for melanocytic tumors include the: (5-6 locations)

A

Perineal region

The ventral surface of the tail

The prepuce

The commissures of the lips

The head/neck

23
Q

How can skin staplers be resterilized?

A

Using ethylene oxide gas

24
Q

T/F: The stapler should make a palpable and audible click to signal the staple formation is complete.

A

True

25
Q

What type of stapler is this?

A

EEA

(End-End Anastomosis)

26
Q

What type of stapler is this?

A

GIA/ ILA

(Gastro-Intestinal Anatomosis / Intra-Luminal Anastomosis)

27
Q

How many staple lines are required for a TA (thoracoabdominal) stapler?

A

2 lines, offset (for proper closure)

28
Q

What does the “90” in the stapler TA-90 indicate?

A

Staple line is 90mm/9cm long

29
Q

What does a LDS do that a TA does not?

A

Ligate and divide

30
Q

Which stapler makes a circular staple line? Can it be used in large animals?

A

EEA

No, too small

31
Q

What is inside the circle? What type of stapler is being used?

A

The “good-night stitch”

Stay suture

GIA/ILA

LA Sx scs RUSVM (20 decks)

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