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LA Sx scs RUSVM > Final: Gilbert 2 (Female) > Flashcards

Final: Gilbert 2 (Female) Flashcards

1
Q

Why is estrogenic feed a risk factor for cervicovaginal prolapse?

A

Estrogen contributes to the relaxation of pelvic ligaments

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2
Q

Which breeds are predisposed to cervicovaginal prolapse?

A

Hereford

Brahman

Romney

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3
Q

Where does a cervicovaginal prolapse start?

A

Caudoventral vagina just cranial to urethra/vestibulovaginal junction

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4
Q

T/F: Cervicovagial prolapse is completely different from uterine prolapse. Uterine prolapse is primarily due to a flaccid uterus.

A

True

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5
Q

What should be used to reduce the swelling when replacing a vaginal prolapse?

A

Glycerol

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6
Q

What is a Gorlach needle?

A

Buhner needle

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7
Q

When performing a Buhner suture, the incision is made _____ to ____ to the vulva in midline through the _____ and _____.

A

When performing a Buhner suture, the incision is made DORSAL to VENTRAL to the vulva in midline through the SKIN and SUBCUTIS.

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8
Q

What should you NEVER include in your Buhner suture?

A

The vulva

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9
Q

What are the 2 options for permanently reducing a vaginal prolapse?

A

Vaginopexy (Minchev/ ‘Through and Through’)

Cervicopexy (Winkler)

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10
Q

Why does ultra short tail docking predispose to vaginal prolapse?

A

Damages coccygeal muscles which support the caudal pelvis

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11
Q

T/F: An ewe can give birth with a vaginal prolapse retainer in place.

A

True

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12
Q

T/F: In both sheep and cattle, genetics plays a role in cervicovaginal prolapse.

A

True

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13
Q

T/F: Hypocalcemia is a factor in the pathogenesis of cervicovaginal prolapse.

A

False, factor in uterine prolapse

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14
Q

T/F: Cows with mild vaginal prolapse can calve normally.

A

True

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15
Q

T/F: Growth-promoting implants containing hormones can precipitate cervicovaginal prolapse in sheep.

A

True

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16
Q

T/F: Cervicovaginal prolapse can be prevented by suturing vulvar lips together.

A

False

17
Q

What is the preferred approch for c-section in cows?

A

Left sided standingparalumbar fossaceilotomy

18
Q

T/F: Suture pattern for closing the uterus is a major factor affecting subsequent fertility in cows.

A

True

19
Q

Why is the left side preferred for standing c-section?

A

Rumen keeps the guts out of the way

20
Q

What approach for c-section is best for an oversized or emphysematous fetus?

A

Ventrolateral

21
Q

The skin incision for a ventrolateral celiotomy parallels which vessel?

A

Superficial mammary vein

Mark vein with inelible pen while cow is standing so you can see it when she’s down

22
Q

The left ventrolateral approach for bovine c-section is most useful in

a. Twins
b. Abnormal fetus (Shistosoma)
c. Emphysematous fetus
d. Cases when there is little or no assistance available

A

c. Emphysematous fetus

Maybe twins too

23
Q

In which horn do most cows carry a pregnancy?

A

Right

24
Q

T/F: Exteriorization of the uterus during c-section in cows influences cow survival

A

True, better if exteriorize

25
Q

Which suture pattern for the closure of the uterus is associated with improved reproductive outsome? Why?

A

Utrecht

No suture material is exposed (so omentum cannot stick to it)

26
Q

What are these?

A

Uterine Ponse forceps

27
Q

What should never be given to a cow before the placenta is expelled?

A

Banamine (anti-inflammatories)

Inhibit WBCs which are needed to detach the placenta

28
Q

Why do cows with a retained placenta have increase risk for mastitis?

A

Causes an overall impairement of neutrophils

29
Q

What type of local anesthesia is indicated for a c-section?

A

Paravertebral nerve block

  • Blocking T13, L1, and L2*
  • T-13 at tip of L1 vert, L1 at tip of L2 vert, L2 at the tip of L4 vert*
30
Q

What is the additional indication for c-section in small ruminants that is not applicable in cows?

A

Pregnancy ketosis

Fat ewe with twins/triplets

31
Q

Why is c-section in pigs relatively easy?

A

Lumbosacral epidural is simple

32
Q

Why is ventral midline approach not ideal for pig c-sections?

A

Piglets chew on sutures

33
Q

What is the main indication for c-section in camelids?

A

Uterine torsion

Which is common

34
Q

What must you do when closing the uterus of a horse that is not necessary in other species?

A

Continuous (whip) suture around the uterine margin to decrease bleeding (which is profuse in horses.

35
Q

T/F: A major difference between cows and horses is the propensity for the uterus to bleed during c-section.

A

True

LA Sx scs RUSVM (20 decks)

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