Final: Gilbert 2 (Female) Flashcards
Why is estrogenic feed a risk factor for cervicovaginal prolapse?
Estrogen contributes to the relaxation of pelvic ligaments
Which breeds are predisposed to cervicovaginal prolapse?
Hereford
Brahman
Romney
Where does a cervicovaginal prolapse start?
Caudoventral vagina just cranial to urethra/vestibulovaginal junction
T/F: Cervicovagial prolapse is completely different from uterine prolapse. Uterine prolapse is primarily due to a flaccid uterus.
True
What should be used to reduce the swelling when replacing a vaginal prolapse?
Glycerol
What is a Gorlach needle?
Buhner needle
When performing a Buhner suture, the incision is made _____ to ____ to the vulva in midline through the _____ and _____.
When performing a Buhner suture, the incision is made DORSAL to VENTRAL to the vulva in midline through the SKIN and SUBCUTIS.
What should you NEVER include in your Buhner suture?
The vulva
What are the 2 options for permanently reducing a vaginal prolapse?
Vaginopexy (Minchev/ ‘Through and Through’)
Cervicopexy (Winkler)
Why does ultra short tail docking predispose to vaginal prolapse?
Damages coccygeal muscles which support the caudal pelvis
T/F: An ewe can give birth with a vaginal prolapse retainer in place.
True
T/F: In both sheep and cattle, genetics plays a role in cervicovaginal prolapse.
True
T/F: Hypocalcemia is a factor in the pathogenesis of cervicovaginal prolapse.
False, factor in uterine prolapse
T/F: Cows with mild vaginal prolapse can calve normally.
True
T/F: Growth-promoting implants containing hormones can precipitate cervicovaginal prolapse in sheep.
True
T/F: Cervicovaginal prolapse can be prevented by suturing vulvar lips together.
False
What is the preferred approch for c-section in cows?
Left sided standingparalumbar fossaceilotomy
T/F: Suture pattern for closing the uterus is a major factor affecting subsequent fertility in cows.
True
Why is the left side preferred for standing c-section?
Rumen keeps the guts out of the way
What approach for c-section is best for an oversized or emphysematous fetus?
Ventrolateral
The skin incision for a ventrolateral celiotomy parallels which vessel?
Superficial mammary vein
Mark vein with inelible pen while cow is standing so you can see it when she’s down
The left ventrolateral approach for bovine c-section is most useful in
a. Twins
b. Abnormal fetus (Shistosoma)
c. Emphysematous fetus
d. Cases when there is little or no assistance available
c. Emphysematous fetus
Maybe twins too
In which horn do most cows carry a pregnancy?
Right
T/F: Exteriorization of the uterus during c-section in cows influences cow survival
True, better if exteriorize
Which suture pattern for the closure of the uterus is associated with improved reproductive outsome? Why?
Utrecht
No suture material is exposed (so omentum cannot stick to it)
What are these?
Uterine Ponse forceps
What should never be given to a cow before the placenta is expelled?
Banamine (anti-inflammatories)
Inhibit WBCs which are needed to detach the placenta
Why do cows with a retained placenta have increase risk for mastitis?
Causes an overall impairement of neutrophils
What type of local anesthesia is indicated for a c-section?
Paravertebral nerve block
- Blocking T13, L1, and L2*
- T-13 at tip of L1 vert, L1 at tip of L2 vert, L2 at the tip of L4 vert*
What is the additional indication for c-section in small ruminants that is not applicable in cows?
Pregnancy ketosis
Fat ewe with twins/triplets
Why is c-section in pigs relatively easy?
Lumbosacral epidural is simple
Why is ventral midline approach not ideal for pig c-sections?
Piglets chew on sutures
What is the main indication for c-section in camelids?
Uterine torsion
Which is common
What must you do when closing the uterus of a horse that is not necessary in other species?
Continuous (whip) suture around the uterine margin to decrease bleeding (which is profuse in horses.
T/F: A major difference between cows and horses is the propensity for the uterus to bleed during c-section.
True
