Final Exam pt. 4

Question 1

What are the theories on the emergence of social movements?

Answer 1

1. classical model
2. resource mobilization
3. political process model

Question 2

Which theory on the emergence of social movements is widely accepted as the most useful?

Answer 2

political process model

Question 3

The _______ ______ suggests that social movements come about as a collective (group) response to structural weaknesses in society that have a psychological effect on individuals.

Answer 3

classical model

Question 4

The classical model suggests that social movements come about as a _________ (______) response to structural weaknesses in _______ that have a psychological effect on individuals.

Answer 4

collective (group)

society

Question 5

What are some critiques to the classical model of the emergence of social movements?

Answer 5

• Pathologies people

- emphasizes individuals, not collective action

Question 6

________-____________ theory recognizes the importance of political context and goals to the development of social movements but also emphasizes that social movements are unlikely to emerge without the necessary resources.

Answer 6

Resource-mobilization

Question 7

What is one critique made against the resource mobilization theory of the emergence of social movements?

Answer 7

not all social movements have substantial resources

Question 8

The _______ _______ model of social movements proposes that a social movement’s chances of developing are heavily influenced by three sets of conditions.

Answer 8

political process

Question 9

Resource-mobilization theory recognizes the importance of political context and goals to the development of social movements but also emphasizes that social movements are unlikely to emerge without the necessary _________.

Answer 9

resources

Question 10

What are the three sets of conditions for the political process model of the emergence of social movements?

Answer 10

1. (fracture in leadership)- expanding political opportunities
2. (existing networks)- indigenous organizational strength
3. (shared grievances)- certain shared cognitions among the movement’s proponents

Question 11

What are critiques made against the political process model of the emergence of social movements?

Answer 11

• Structural bias

- downplays cultural and emotional factors

Question 12

What are the three stages of social movements?

Answer 12

1. emergence
2. coalescence
3. routinization

Question 13

__________: the social problem being addressed is first identified.

Answer 13

Emergence

Question 14

__________: resources are mobilized and concrete action is taken to address the problem.

Answer 14

Coalescence

Question 15

___________: a formal structure develops to promote the cause. (Hard to maintain momentum for this stage).

Answer 15

Routinization

Question 16

A ______ __________ _________ (____) is a group developed to recruit new members and coordinate participation in a particular social movement.

Answer 16

social movement organization (SMO)

Question 17

A __________ _________ _________ is a type of SMO that directly involves its rank-and-file members in decisions and activities to support the organization’s cause.

Answer 17

participatory movement organization

Question 18

A participatory movement organization is a type of SMO that:

• Does not have _________ _________ or _________
• Needs ____ ________ for strength

Answer 18

professional organization
resources
raw numbers

Question 19

What are the two types of participatory movement organization?

Answer 19

1. mass protest organization

2. grassroots organizations

Question 20

What is the difference between mass protest and grassroots organizations?

Answer 20

Mass protest organizations advocate for social change through protest and demonstration.
Grassroots organizations tend to work through existing political structures to promote social change.

Question 21

Americans have traditionally had _____ participation levels in _______ activities.

Answer 21

high

volunteer

Question 22

It seems that volunteerism has _________ somewhat in the United States, and one possible explanation is the influence of the ________: people can join groups online and donate money online to support causes without participating in any face-to-face meetings or activities.

Answer 22

declined

Internet

Question 23

It seems that volunteerism has declined somewhat in the United States, and one possible explanation is the influence of the Internet: people can join groups online and donate money online to support causes ________ participating in any ____-__-____ meetings or activities.

Answer 23

without

face-to-face

Question 24

Not all social change is produced by social movements: _________ and _______ factors have a great deal to do with the evolution of society.

Answer 24

economic

political

Question 25

______ ______ are not valued in the same way by all people — what is of major importance to one group may barely register for another group — and they do not affect all people in the same way.

Answer 25

Social changes

Question 26

Social changes are not _______ in the same way by all _______ — what is of major importance to one group may barely register for another group — and they do not affect all people in the same way.

Answer 26

valued

people

Question 27

Social change is __________.

Answer 27

subjective

Question 28

What are some other factors besides social movements that cause social change?

Answer 28

• technological innovation
• new information and ideas
• conflict between social actors.

Question 29

What is the greatest sign that a social movement has been successful?

Answer 29

when there is no longer a need for it because it has achieved its goal.

Question 30

The Internet has opened new opportunities for people to create social change

Answer 30

Internet

Question 31

The Internet has opened new opportunities for people to create _______ ______.

Answer 31

social change

Question 32

The internet It provides a way for participants in social movements to _______, exchange __________, and generally make their _______ heard.

Answer 32

connect
information
voices

Question 33

The internet has become a forum for radical social protest activities, such as ______ ____-___ that jam web servers and online impersonation.

Answer 33

virtual sit-ins

Question 34

The primary achievement of such protests is to draw ______ ________ to a particular issue or cause.

Answer 34

media attention