Final Exam pt. 4 Flashcards
What are the theories on the emergence of social movements?
- classical model
- resource mobilization
- political process model
Which theory on the emergence of social movements is widely accepted as the most useful?
political process model
The _______ ______ suggests that social movements come about as a collective (group) response to structural weaknesses in society that have a psychological effect on individuals.
classical model
The classical model suggests that social movements come about as a _________ (______) response to structural weaknesses in _______ that have a psychological effect on individuals.
collective (group)
society
What are some critiques to the classical model of the emergence of social movements?
- Pathologies people
- emphasizes individuals, not collective action
________-____________ theory recognizes the importance of political context and goals to the development of social movements but also emphasizes that social movements are unlikely to emerge without the necessary resources.
Resource-mobilization
What is one critique made against the resource mobilization theory of the emergence of social movements?
not all social movements have substantial resources
The _______ _______ model of social movements proposes that a social movement’s chances of developing are heavily influenced by three sets of conditions.
political process
Resource-mobilization theory recognizes the importance of political context and goals to the development of social movements but also emphasizes that social movements are unlikely to emerge without the necessary _________.
resources
What are the three sets of conditions for the political process model of the emergence of social movements?
- (fracture in leadership)- expanding political opportunities
- (existing networks)- indigenous organizational strength
- (shared grievances)- certain shared cognitions among the movement’s proponents
What are critiques made against the political process model of the emergence of social movements?
- Structural bias
- downplays cultural and emotional factors
What are the three stages of social movements?
- emergence
- coalescence
- routinization
__________: the social problem being addressed is first identified.
Emergence
__________: resources are mobilized and concrete action is taken to address the problem.
Coalescence
___________: a formal structure develops to promote the cause. (Hard to maintain momentum for this stage).
Routinization
A ______ __________ _________ (____) is a group developed to recruit new members and coordinate participation in a particular social movement.
social movement organization (SMO)
A __________ _________ _________ is a type of SMO that directly involves its rank-and-file members in decisions and activities to support the organization’s cause.
participatory movement organization
A participatory movement organization is a type of SMO that:
- Does not have _________ _________ or _________
- Needs ____ ________ for strength
professional organization
resources
raw numbers
What are the two types of participatory movement organization?
- mass protest organization
2. grassroots organizations
What is the difference between mass protest and grassroots organizations?
Mass protest organizations advocate for social change through protest and demonstration.
Grassroots organizations tend to work through existing political structures to promote social change.
Americans have traditionally had _____ participation levels in _______ activities.
high
volunteer
It seems that volunteerism has _________ somewhat in the United States, and one possible explanation is the influence of the ________: people can join groups online and donate money online to support causes without participating in any face-to-face meetings or activities.
declined
Internet
It seems that volunteerism has declined somewhat in the United States, and one possible explanation is the influence of the Internet: people can join groups online and donate money online to support causes ________ participating in any ____-__-____ meetings or activities.
without
face-to-face
Not all social change is produced by social movements: _________ and _______ factors have a great deal to do with the evolution of society.
economic
political
______ ______ are not valued in the same way by all people — what is of major importance to one group may barely register for another group — and they do not affect all people in the same way.
Social changes
Social changes are not _______ in the same way by all _______ — what is of major importance to one group may barely register for another group — and they do not affect all people in the same way.
valued
people
Social change is __________.
subjective
What are some other factors besides social movements that cause social change?
- technological innovation
- new information and ideas
- conflict between social actors.
What is the greatest sign that a social movement has been successful?
when there is no longer a need for it because it has achieved its goal.
The Internet has opened new opportunities for people to create social change
Internet
The Internet has opened new opportunities for people to create _______ ______.
social change
The internet It provides a way for participants in social movements to _______, exchange __________, and generally make their _______ heard.
connect
information
voices
The internet has become a forum for radical social protest activities, such as ______ ____-___ that jam web servers and online impersonation.
virtual sit-ins
The primary achievement of such protests is to draw ______ ________ to a particular issue or cause.
media attention
