Final Exam pt. 3 Flashcards
What is the difference between hard power and soft power?
Hard power is the use of military or economic force to influence behavior.
Soft power is the use of cultural or ideological means to influence behavior.
Hard power is the use of _______ or __________ force to influence behavior.
military
economic
Joseph Nye is a proponent of ____ power.
soft
Soft power is the use of _______ or _________ means to influence behavior.
cultural
ideological
___-______ power is getting other to want what you want through _________ rather than coercion or payments.
Co-optive
attraction
Soft power, on the other hand, is less ________ and more ________.
noticeable
pervasive
_______ _______ believed that the state of nature is chaos and that people submit to authority (the state) as a means of survival.
Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes believed that the state of nature is _____ and that people submit to authority (the state) as a means of ________.
chaos
survival
Thomas Hobbes believed that the state of nature is chaos and that people submit to ________ (____ ______) as a means of survival.
authority (the state)
_____ ______ argued that people live in peace and equality in the state of nature, but that they ultimately submit to authority (the state) for financial reasons — to help iron out disagreements about property.
John Locke
John Locke argued that people live in _____ and _______ in the state of nature, but that they ultimately submit to authority (the state) for _________ reasons — to help iron out disagreements about property.
peace
equality
financial
John Locke argued that people live in peace and equality in the state of nature, but that they ultimately submit to _________ (____ _____) for financial reasons — to help iron out disagreements about property.
authority (the state)
A ________ _____ is an organization that wants to gain power in a government, typically by backing a candidate who shares the same beliefs.
political party
True or False: There are only two political parties in America.
False; Green Party, Tea Party, “Independents”, Libertarian Party, Rent is too damn high,
Dozens of political parties in the United States.
An _______ _____ is an organization that seeks to gain power in government and influence policy without its representative (a lobbyist) seeking election.
interest group
True or False; the poor don’t vote as often as the wealthy
True
What are the three different types of bureaucracy?
- rationalization
- specialization
- meritocracy
What is a social contract?
Individuals have consented to surrender their freedoms and submit to the authority of the state, in exchange for safety and protection of their remaining rights.
_________ ______ is a collaborative effort that takes place in groups and diverges from the social norms of the situation.
Collective action
What are the two type of collective action?
- crowd collective action
2. mass collective action
_____ collective action takes place when members of a group are face to face.
Crowd
_____ collective action doesn’t require physical proximity, such as a letter-writing campaign.
Mass
What are the theories of collective action?
- convergence theory
- contagion theory
- emergent norm theory
According to ____________ theory, collective action happens when people with similar ideas and tendencies gather in the same place.
convergence
What is the limitation of convergence theory of collective action?
Does not explain why collective action sometimes happens under such circumstances and why it sometimes does not.
According to _________ theory, collective action arises because of people’s tendency to conform to the behavior of others.
contagion
According to contagion theory, collective action arises because of people’s tendency to?
conform to the behavior of others.
Behavior of other people in groups is contagious—especially under the encouraging influence of a __________ leader.
charismatic
What are the limitation of contagion theory of collective action?
- Downplays individual agency (free will), not all sheep
- Sometimes the wave will happen sometimes it won’t
- Why do some participate in the wave and others don’t?
________ _____ theory emphasizes the influence of leaders in promoting particular norms that members of a group then follow.
Emergent norm
What is the limitation of emergent norm theory?
Doesn‘t explain why particular people become leaders or why some actions emerge as norms within a group and others don’t.
What constitutes one’s identity?
The particular combination of groups with which we identify.
What are the two types of identity?
- static identity
2. dynamic identity
A _______ identity is an aspect of your identity (such as race) that doesn’t _______ and that __________ at least one group to which you belong.
static
change
determines
A ________ identity is an aspect of your identity that is more _____ (such as working as a lifeguard for one summer) and that is __________ by a group to which you belong.
dynamic
fluid
determined
What is the connection between collective identity and social movements?
Collective identity (identifying with the group). Participants in social movements have shared sense of belonging.
What is a social movement?
Collective behavior that is purposeful, organized, and institutionalized, but not ritualized.
Social movements are motivated by a ______ or _______ aim.
social
political
Social movements participants share _________ _______.
collective identity
Social movements organize ________ and _________ action.
meetings
coordinate
What are the four types of social movements?
- alternative social movements
- redemptive social movements
- reformative social movements
- revolutionary social movements
What type of social movement is this: has limited change and change occurs with specific individuals?
alternative social movements
What type of social movement is this: has radical change and change occurs with specific individuals?
redemptive social movements
What type of social movement is this: has limited change and change affects everyone?
reformative social movements
What type of social movement is this: has radical change and change affects everyone?
revolutionary social movements
__________ social movements seek limited social change and tend to be focused on a narrow group of people.
Alternative
___________ social movements are also focused on a narrow group of people, but they advocate for more radical change
Redemptive
__________ social movements advocate for limited social change but seek to effect that change across an entire society.
Reformative
___________ social movements seek to make radical change across an entire society.
Revolutionary
Which type of social movement is this: Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD)?
Redemptive social movements
Which type of social movement is this: women’s rights movement?
reformative social movements
Which type of social movement is this: antiwar movement of the 1960s?
revolutionary social movements
Which type of social movement is this: cyclist rights to be on the road?
reformative social movements
