Chapter 4 powerpoint pt. 3

Question 1

True or False: fewer than half of the world’s cultures kiss in a romantic way.

Answer 1

true

Question 2

Behaviors that seem so _________ to us often do not occur in the rest of the world.

Answer 2

normative

Question 3

Human ________ interacts with different cultures to explain various __________ humans engage in.”

Answer 3

biology

behaviors

Question 4

Human biology interacts with different ________ to explain various behaviors humans engage in.”

Answer 4

cultures

Question 5

Moreover, there is a strong correlation between the __________ of the romantic-sexual kiss and a society’s relative _______ ___________

Answer 5

frequency

social complexity

Question 6

What is one of the argued most powerful and influential role imposed in society?

Answer 6

Gender Roles

Question 7

is an institution in which one is totally immersed that controls all the basics of day-to-day life.

Answer 7

total institution

Question 8

What are some examples of total institutions?

Answer 8

Armed forces
Prison
Convent/monastery
Boarding school

Question 9

A change in values, beliefs, or norms through an intense social process

Answer 9

resocialization

Question 10

What are the key components to Merton’s role theory?

Answer 10

1. status
2. ascribed status
3. achieved status

Question 11

What is the difference between status, ascribed status, and achieved status?

Answer 11

A status is a position in society that comes with a set of expectations. (E.g. student)

An ascribed status is one we are born with that is unlikely to change. (E.g., race, sex, age)

An achieved status is one we have earned through individual effort or that is imposed by others.
(E.g. college graduate, artists, convict)

Question 12

According to Merton’s status and role theory, what is an example of status, ascribed status, and achieved status?

Answer 12

Ex. of status= student
Ex. of ascribed status= race, sex, age
Ex. of achieved status= college graduate, artists, convict

Question 13

According to Merton what are the different type of status’ one has?

Answer 13

1. Ascribed status
2. Achieved status
3. Master status

Question 14

is a status that seems to override all others and affects all other statuses that one possesses.

Answer 14

master status

Question 15

What are roles?

Answer 15

the behaviors expected from a particular status.

Question 16

Which type of status is this: people tend to interact with you on the basis of this status alone.

Answer 16

master status

Question 17

What is the difference between role conflict and role strain?

Answer 17

Role conflict occurs when the roles associated with one status clash with the roles associated with a different status.

Role strain occurs when roles associated with a single status clash.

Question 18

Role conflict and Role Strain can lead to ______ _____

Answer 18

role exit

Question 19

How does social construction and symbolic interactionism work together?

Answer 19

People give meaning or value to ideas or objects through social interactions.
It’s an ongoing process that is embedded in our everyday interactions.

Question 20

The _________ has created new types of social interaction

Answer 20

internet

Question 21

cultural expectations on how to behave in a given situation (e.g., eye contact)

Answer 21

norms

Question 22

or customs are standards of behavior that are socially approved but more significant (e.g. belching loudly at dinner table in U.S.)

Answer 22

folkways

Question 23

More strict norms that control moral and ethical behaviors, based on what’s right and wrong. People feel strongly about these. (E.g. attending church in the nude, parents believe only married people should live together)

Answer 23

mores

Question 24

a norm that society holds so strongly that violating it results in extreme disgust. (E.g. Muslims eating pork, pigs seen as unclean; Incest, cannibalism)

Answer 24

taboos

Question 25

a law is a norm that is written down and enforced by an official law informant agency. (E.g. driving drunk, murder, theft, trespassing)

Answer 25

laws

Question 26

Who created the idea of breaching experiments?

Answer 26

Harold Garfinkel

Question 27

What are breaching experiments?

Answer 27

having collaborators exhibit “abnormal” or “atypical” behaviors in social interactions in order to see how people would react

Question 28

What is dramaturgy?

Answer 28

Goffman’s dramaturgical theory views social life as a theatrical performance in which we are all actors on metaphysical stages

Question 29

Who created dramaturgy?

Answer 29

Erving Goffman

Question 30

the study of methods people use for understanding and producing the social order in which they live.

Answer 30

ethnomethodology

Question 31

In ethnomethodology people are seen as rational ______, but use practical __________ to make sense of and function in society.

Answer 31

actors

reasoning

Question 32

Ethnomethodology generally seeks to provide an _________ to mainstream sociological approaches

Answer 32

alternative

Question 33

________________ generally seeks to provide an alternative to mainstream sociological approaches.

Answer 33

Ethnomethodology