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Sociology 101 > Final Exam pt. 2 > Flashcards

Final Exam pt. 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the Milgram experiment ?

A

The experiment in which participants would shock (not really) another person, and it was to see how far people would listen to authority.

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2
Q

What is Jim Jones famous for?

A

In the 1970’s Jim Jones persuaded 900 people to commit suicide in Guyana, Africa.
“Revolutionary suicide” by drinkingcyanide-laced grape flavoredFlavor Aid.
Nearly 300 children murdered via cyanide poisoning

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3
Q

What type of authority does a bureaucracy have?

A

legal-rational authority

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4
Q

__________ is a legal-rational organization or mode of administration that governs with reference to rules and roles and emphasizes meritocracy.

A

Bureaucracy

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5
Q

Bureaucracy is a legal-rational organization or mode of administration that governs with reference to rules and roles and emphasizes __________.

A

meritocracy

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6
Q

___________ is based on the idea that people are treated fairly and equally and that everyone has an equal opportunity to succeed or fail, based on the amount of effort they exert.

A

Bureaucracy

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7
Q

What are the two types of domination according to Max Weber?

A
  1. Domination by economic power

2. Domination by authority

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8
Q

Weber defined the ______ as, the ultimate example of domination by authority.

A

state

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9
Q

What is an (economic) monopoly?

A

Exclusivecontrolofacommodityorserviceina particularmarket,oracontrolthatmakes possiblethemanipulationofprices.

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10
Q

What are examples of monopoly?

A
  • Local telephone service
  • Water service
  • Cable television
  • The U.S. Postal Service
  • Prescription drugs
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11
Q

The _______ _____ is a system in which the state is responsible for the welfare of its citizens.

A

welfare state

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12
Q

Many organizations like Newsweek rank “the best countries to live in” based on factors like access to _________, __________, and other ______ resources.

A

education
healthcare
social

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13
Q

Resources may be considered welfare if they are provided by the ______ or __________.

A

state

government

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14
Q

What are the three theories about the development of the Welfare State?

A

(1) Logic of industrialism
(2) Neo-Marxist
(3) State-centered approach

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15
Q

Which theory of welfare is this: nations develop social welfare benefits to satisfy the social needs created by industrialization?

A

Logic of industrialism

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16
Q

Which theory of welfare is this: starts with the question of how democracy and capitalism can coexist -this theory is concerned with explaining the contradictions between formal legal equality and social class inequality - in this manner, the welfare state is seen as the mediator of class conflict?

A

Neo-Marxist

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17
Q

Which theory of welfare is this: emphasize the role of state bureaucrats in formulating welfare state policies?

A

State-centered approach

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18
Q

Most European states developed through fights over _________ _________.

A

territorial boundaries

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19
Q

Many countries in the world have been somewhat arbitrarily “produced” through ____________ or groups like the _______ _______.

A

colonization

United Nations

20
Q

Implication: borders and geographic regions are ________ _________ through political, economic, and social means.

A

socially constructed

21
Q

Implication: _______ and __________ regions are socially constructed through political, economic, and social means

A

borders

geographic

22
Q

Implication: borders and geographic regions are socially constructed through ________, _________, and _______ means

A

political
economic
social

23
Q

__________– a society that assigns social status, power and economic rewards on achievement, not ascribed personal attributes or favoritism

A

Meritocracy

24
Q

What is the difference between rationalization and specialization?

A

Rationalization- the ever-expanding process of ordering and organizing.

Specialization- the process of breaking up work into specific defined tasks

25
Q

What are the three types of rights according to T.H. Marshall?

A
  1. civil
  2. political
  3. social
26
Q

______ rights are the rights guaranteeing a citizen’s personal freedom from interference, including freedom of speech and right to travel freely.

A

Civil

27
Q

Civil rights are the rights guaranteeing a citizen’s personal freedom from ____________, including freedom of ______ and right to _______ freely.

A

interference
speech
travel

28
Q

______ rights include the ensuring of peoples’ life and safety.

A

Civil

29
Q

Civil rights include the ensuring of peoples’ ____ and ______.

A

life

safety

30
Q

Civil rights provide protection from ____________.

A

discrimination

31
Q

________ rights are the rights guaranteeing a citizen’s ability to participate in politics, hold office, or vote.

A

Political

32
Q

List the right under political rights.

A
  1. the right to a fair trial
  2. due process
  3. seek redress or a legal remedy
  4. rights of participation in civil society and politics
  5. right to assemble
  6. right to petition
  7. right of self-defense
  8. right to vote
33
Q

______ rights guarantee protection by the state including protection from the free market in the areas of housing, employment, health, and education.

A

Social

34
Q

Social rights guarantee protection by the state including protection from the free market in the areas of ________, _________, _______, and _________.

A

housing
employment
health
education

35
Q

Social rights includes rights to:

  1. No legal __________ __________
  2. No discriminatory hiring practices
  3. No discriminatory access to education
  4. No discriminatory access to healthcare
A

residential segregation

36
Q

Social rights includes rights to:

  1. No legal residential segregation
  2. No discriminatory _______ practices
  3. No discriminatory access to education
  4. No discriminatory access to healthcare
A

hiring

37
Q

Social rights includes rights to:

  1. No legal residential segregation
  2. No discriminatory hiring practices
  3. No discriminatory access to ________
  4. No discriminatory access to healthcare
A

education

38
Q

Social rights includes rights to:

  1. No legal residential segregation
  2. No discriminatory hiring practices
  3. No discriminatory access to education
  4. No discriminatory access to _________
A

healthcare

39
Q

_____ and ________ rights are considered to be constitutional rights, yet these rights were not granted to all citizens until recently in American history.

A

Civil

political

40
Q

Civil and political rights are considered to be ___________ rights, yet these rights were not granted to all citizens until recently in American history.

A

constitutional

41
Q

In the US, same-sex marriage has been legal nationwide since ____ __, 2015, when the United States Supreme Court ruled in Obergefell v. Hodges that state-level bans on same-sex marriage are unconstitutional.

A

June 26

42
Q

In the US, same-sex marriage has been legal nationwide since June 26, 2015, when the United States Supreme Court ruled in _________ v. _______ that state-level bans on same-sex marriage are unconstitutional.

A

Obergefell

Hodges

43
Q

The court ruled that the denial of marriage licenses to same-sex couples and the refusal to recognize those marriages performed in other jurisdictions violates the ____ _______ and the ______ __________ clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution.

A

Due Process

Equal Protection

44
Q

The court ruled that the denial of marriage licenses to same-sex couples and the refusal to recognize those marriages performed in other jurisdictions violates the Due Process and the Equal Protection clauses of the __th Amendment of the United States Constitution.

A

14th

45
Q

Contradiction: Marshal noted that _____ rights centered on freedom from state interference, yet ______ rights make it the state’s responsibility to interfere in the lives of citizens.

A

civil

social

46
Q

Contradiction: Marshal noted that civil rights centered on freedom from ______ interference, yet social rights make it the ______ responsibility to interfere in the lives of citizens.

A

state

state’s

Sociology 101 (20 decks)

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