Chapter 7 powerpoint pt.2/ Chapter 8 powerpoint pt. 1

Question 1

What is the social prestige ranking in America?

Answer 1

The top 1% have 35% of net worth.

The bottom 80% is 11% of net worth.

Question 2

What are the social classes in America?

Answer 2

Upper class, middle class, and lower class

Question 3

Do Americans tend to accurately predict social class mobility?

Answer 3

No, they tend to over or underestimate.

Question 4

What are the two reasons why Americans don’t accurately gauge social mobility?

Answer 4

1. Exposure to genetic determinants of social class

2. Need to protect the self

Question 5

What is the free rider problem?

Answer 5

The notion that when more than one person is responsible for getting something done, the incentive is for each to dodge responsibility and hope others will pull the extra weight.

Question 6

What is socioeconomic status?

Answer 6

refers to an individual’s position in a stratified social order.

Question 7

Of the following thinkers, whose ideas about private property and social conflict could be said to align most closely with those of Karl Marx?  
A. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
B. Thomas Malthus
C. Vilfredo Pareto
D. John Millar

Answer 7

A. Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 8

Which of the following standards of equality was key to the arguments of civil rights leaders in the 1960s? 
A. equality of opportunity
B. equality of condition
C. ontological equality
D. equality of outcome

Answer 8

A. equality of opportunity

Question 9

Wright Mills sees the consolidation of power among a small number of institutions and leaders as _______.
A. the natural result of a meritocracy
B. the best possible way for a society to function
C. a necessary evil for the smooth functioning of society
D. harmful to the interests of the masses

Answer 9

D. harmful to the interests of the masses

Question 10

Socioeconomic status can best be defined as ________________.
A. an individual’s position in a status hierarchy system
B. the level of social mobility an individual experiences in his or her life
C. an individual’s position in a stratified social order
D. the total of an individual’s assets

Answer 10

C. an individual’s position in a stratified social order

Question 11

The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a politically based system of stratification characterized by limited social mobility.
A. estate system
B. class system
C. caste system
D. elite-mass dichotomy system

Answer 11

A. estate system

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of an asset?
A. a projected salary increase 
B. a piece of property
C. a person’s human capital
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

Answer 12

B. a piece of property

Question 13

What is the social construction of sex?

Answer 13

Sex refers to a person’s biological status and is typically categorized as male, female, or intersex ( genitals, gonads, sex chromosomes ).

Question 14

What is the social construction of gender?

Answer 14

society and culture create genderroles, and these roles are prescribed as ideal or appropriate behavior for a person of that specificgender.

Question 15

Gender is defined by _______/_______.

Answer 15

culture

society

Question 16

What is the social construction of sexuality?

Answer 16

Sexuality refers to desire, sexual preference, sexual identity, and behavior.

Question 17

Explain the Kinsey Scale.

Answer 17

Sexuality is on a spectrum.

Ranges on a scale from 0-6; 0 being completely heterosexual and 6 being completely homosexual.

Question 18

What are the types of gender?

Answer 18

Transgender
Transexual
Genderqueer
Cisgender

Question 19

What is the difference between transgender and transexual?

Answer 19

Transgender gender identity different than assigned sex.

Transexual desires medical assistance to transition to different sex.

Question 20

What is the difference between genderqueer and cisgender?

Answer 20

Genderqueer people whose identities are not exclusively masculine or feminine, but may, for example, be bigender, pangender, or agender.
Cisgender gender identity same as assigned sex.

Question 21

What are the types of sex?

Answer 21

male, female, and intersex

Question 22

What is gender binary?

Answer 22

belief in only two distinct and opposite sexes — male and female

Question 23

What is essentialism?

Answer 23

Essentialism is the notion that a label has a fixed essence (naturally evolved dispositions).

Question 24

What are the 4 criticisms of essentialism?

Answer 24

1. they ignore historical and cultural variability
2. they generalize from the average, ignoring variations within gender groups
3. no evidence directly supports their major claims
4. their explanations fro gender differences ignore the role of power

Question 25

What is feminism?

Answer 25

Feminism is an intellectual, consciousness-raising movement based on the idea that women and men should be accorded equal opportunities and respect.

Question 26

Describe the first wave of feminism.

Answer 26

It occurred from 1800s-1920.

Women won the right to vote (suffrage movement).

Question 27

Describe the second wave of feminism.

Answer 27

• It occurred from the 1960s-1970s.
• Equal access to employment and education
• concerns about reproductive rights, domestic violence, marital rape, & family
• Largely white, middle class

Question 28

Describe the third wave of feminism.

Answer 28

Occurs from the 1990s-current.

• Issues of diversity and the variety of identities that women can possess.
• Addresses essentialist definitions of femininity.
• Intersectionality

Question 29

What is Hegemonic masculinity?

Answer 29

the condition in which men are dominant and privileged and this dominance and privilege is invisible.

Question 30

What is the patriarchy?

Answer 30

a near universal system that involves the subordination of femininity to masculinity. (E.g. social hierarchy)

Question 31

What is male privilege?

Answer 31

Male privilegeis a concept for examining social, economic, and political advantagesor rights that are made available to men solely on the basis of their sex.

Question 32

What is the difference between glass ceiling and glass elevator?

Answer 32

The glass ceiling is a barrier that women and/or minorities cannot pass.
The glass elevator refers to how men in female-dominated careers, often rise higher and faster than women in male-dominated fields.

Question 33

What is pink-collar?

Answer 33

of or relating to a type of employment traditionally held by women, especially relatively low-paying work