Final exam - Missed concepts

Question 1

What hormones are not made by the pituitary gland?

Answer 1

Oxytocin and Vasopressin

Question 2

Simple (closed) bone fracture

Answer 2

clean break: does not penetrate skin

Question 3

Compound bone fracture

Answer 3

broken end of bone penetrates soft tissue and skin. Can result in severe bone infection

Question 4

Comminuted bone fracture

Answer 4

bone breaks into fragments. More common in the brittle bones of the elderly

Question 5

Greenstick bone fracture

Answer 5

bone breaks incompletely, like a green twig

Question 6

Impacted bone fracture

Answer 6

ends of bone are forced into each other. commonly occurs when trying to break a fall

Question 7

Spiral bone fracture

Answer 7

excessive twisting = ragged break. Common in sports

Question 8

Compression bone fracture

Answer 8

bone is crushed. Common in porous, osteoporotic bones

Question 9

Depressed bone fracture

Answer 9

broken bone is push inward. Common in skull fracture

Question 10

What are the 4 major tissue types in humans

Answer 10

Connective, Muscle, Epithelial, Nervous

Question 11

Which of the 4 main tissue types has resting membrane potential?

Answer 11

All of them; Connective, Muscle, Epithelial, and Nervous

Question 12

What ar the major, general organic molecules in higher vertebrates?

Answer 12

Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids

Question 13

What are the 5 physiologically relevant ions?

Answer 13

Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Cl-

Question 14

What part of the body does a kidney stone travel down?

Answer 14

The Ureter

Question 15

What is a compliant organ? Example of compliant and noncompliant?

Answer 15

An organ that can stretch/swell in response to pressure

ex of compliant: uterus
ex of noncompliant: kidney

Question 16

What type of cell produces mucous?

Answer 16

Goblet cells

Question 17

Ilium vs Ileum

Answer 17

Ilium = hips and pelvis
Ileum = small intestine

Question 18

What anatomical elements protect the kidney?

Answer 18

Abdominal fat (love handles) and the lower 3 ribs

Question 19

What are the major secretory organs in humans?

Answer 19

colon, kidneys, skin, and liver

Question 20

Which layers of the epidermis are not dying or dead at the time of growth and repair?

Answer 20

stratum basale and stratum spinosum (deepest two layers)

Question 21

Which protein is a triple helix that is a prominent component of almost all connective tissues?

Answer 21

Collagen

Question 22

How many individual ribs does a human have?

Answer 22

24

Question 23

how many pairs of ribs does a human have?

Answer 23

12

Question 24

From cranium to pelvic girdle, what is the order of the human vertebrae types?

Answer 24

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Caudal

Question 25

In an osteon of a bone, the ________ houses the nerves and vessels, concentric rings of bone growth are called ______ and mature osteocytes are found within _____

Answer 25

canaliculi; lamellae; lacunae

Question 26

Which part of bone marrow is active and which is inactive?

Answer 26

Red = active
Yellow = inactive

Question 27

A damaged tenon is referred to as a _____?

Answer 27

Strain

Question 28

What do tendons attach?

Answer 28

muscle to bone

Question 29

What do ligaments attach?

Answer 29

bone to bone

Question 30

Sprain definition

Answer 30

the stretching or tearing of ligaments (bone to bone)

Question 31

What is the scientific name for earwax?

Answer 31

Cerumen

Question 32

If skin is damaged, the skin can often time release ____, which promotes mitotic growth and overall repair of the skin

Answer 32

EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor)

Question 33

When you get a splinter, the activity of ___________ will usually phagocytize the splinter in a short period of time.

Answer 33

Dendritic cells

Question 34

What molecule is released by mast cells that is responsible for local vasodilation?

Answer 34

histamine

Question 35

What cells are mainly responsible for producing collagen?

Answer 35

Fibroblasts

Question 36

What are the 3 types of skin cancer in order from least to most dangerous and what type of cell are they from?

Answer 36

Basal cell carcinoma (basal layer), Squamous cell carcinoma (stratum spinosum), melanoma (melanocytes)

Question 37

What is the word for when a physician removes dead tissue from a wound?

Answer 37

Debridement

Question 38

What is the main purpose of debridement?

Answer 38

To help prevent microbial infection

Question 39

if someone came into contact with a compound they are allergic to, histamine levels would go __, thus causing ____________ and ____________

Answer 39

up, systemic vasodilation, bronchoconstriction of respiratory smooth muscle

Question 40

Cardiac Output equation

Answer 40

Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate

Question 41

mean arterial pressure formula

Answer 41

MAP = DP + 1/3(SP-DP)

Question 42

an autosomal dominant genetic disorder involving COLA1A and COL1A2

Answer 42

osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 43

Tommy John Surgery replaces what?

Answer 43

Ulnar Collateral Ligament

Question 44

What is a contusion?

Answer 44

a bruise

Question 45

Which bone is the non weight bearing bone in the lower leg?

Answer 45

Fibula

Question 46

The area of epiphyseal/growth plate of a bone that has the most hyperplasia is the Zone of __________.

Answer 46

Proliferation

Question 47

The area of the epiphyseal/growth plate that has the most apoptosis is the Zone of ____________.

Answer 47

Calcification

Question 48

The hormone from thyroid C-cells that lowers serum Ca2+ by inhibiting the ________ is called __________.

Answer 48

osteoclasts; calcitriol