Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHM PRAC 438 > FInal exam main concepts > Flashcards

FInal exam main concepts Flashcards

1
Q

SCHOLAR-MAC

A

-Symptoms:what are the main associated symptoms?
-Characteristics: What is the situation like? stable of changing?
-History: What have you done so far?
-Onset
-Location
-Aggravating factors
-Remitting Factors
-MAC: medications, allergies, conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 4 C’s of cultural sensitivity?

A

1) What do you CALL the problem?
2)What to you think CAUSED the problem?
3)How do you COPE with the problem?
4)What CONCERNS do you have about the problem/treatmen?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Symptoms of teething discomforts

A

-mild pain
-gingival irritation, redness
-drooling
-mouth biting, gum rubbing with fingers
-low-grade fever
-irritability/crakiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Onset and duration of teething discomfort

A

-as early as 3 months old
-8 days per tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Non drug therapy for teething

A

-gum massage
-cold teething ring
-washcloth: damp, twisted, frozen
-food: dry toast, teething biscuits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What non drig therapies should be avoided with teething?

A

-teething necklaces, braclets, anklets because of choking risk
-high sugar/carb foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

OTC treatments for teething

A

-systemic acetaminophen or ibuprophen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pediatric acetaminophen dosing

A

-10-15 mg/kg
-every 4-6 hours
-max 2400mg/24hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pediatric ibuprophen dosing

A

-5-10 mg/kg
-every 6-8 hours
-max 1200mg/24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

7 general considerations for OTC use in pregnancy

A

1) non drug therapy more appropriate(especially true in XXX trimester)
2)Stage of pregnancy
3) lowest dose possible
4)topical/local dose preferable to systemic
5)avoid extra strength/ER formulations
6)Avoid combo products
7)adhearence issues due to N/V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many older adults experiance GI bleeds with NSAID use?

A

-81% of older adults with a GI bleed used NSAIDs
—–95% of these people have misuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How can a pharmacist increase OTC safety in older adults?

A

-pharmacist consultation
-student consultations
-follow up calls
-“Senior section”: point out medications with higher risk for older adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Do not self treat conditions for cold

A

-oral temp higher than 100.4
-chest pain
-shortness of breath
-worsening symptoms
-concurrent health conditions
-AIDS or immunosupressing therapy
-frail older adults
-infants less than 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Psedoephederine MOA

A

-alpha-adrenergic agonist constrict blood vessels decreasing sinus congestment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Psedoephederine side effects

A

-CV: elevated BP and HR
-CNS: tremor, insomia, anxiety, irritability, dizziness, HA
-other: rebound nasal congestion, nausea/anorexia, XXX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Psedoephederine drug interactions

A

-ergot derivatives
-linezolid
-MAOIs
-SNRIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Topical nasal decongestants side effects

A

-rebound nasal congetion
-burning stinging
-sneezing
-nasal dryness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Oxymetazoline dosing

A

0.05% 2-3 sprays every 10-12 hours
-for ages 6+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

!st gen antihisamine MOA

A

-blocks histaminic and muscarinic receptors in the medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

1st gen antihistamine side effects

A

sedation, dry mouth/nose/throat, nausea, dizziness, difficult
urination, constipation, blurred vision, cognitive problems, excitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

adult acetaminophen dosing

A

-325-1000mg evergy 4-6 hours PRN
-max 3250 mg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

adult ibuprophen dosing

A

-200-400 mg every 4-6 hours PRN
-max 1200 mg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

adult naprozen dosing

A

-220 mg every 8-12 hours PRN
-max 660 mg/day
-may take 440 mg as first dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

local anesthetics MOA

A

local anesthetic effect to provide pain releif

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
local anesthetics side effects(throatspray)
-altered taste, nausea
26
Do not self treat cough
-difficulty breathing -cyanosis -hemoptysis -weight loss -night sweats -worsens or persists 2-3 weeks -younger than 4 -temp > 100.4 -returms barking cough -whooping cough -sudden onset withour fever immunocomprimised -TB -HIV -chronic conditions
27
honey for cough
-not for less than 1 yr old -honey is more effective than placebo, and ewually effective as dextromethorphan -2.5 to 5 ml in syringe of in a liquid -can substitute forcorn syrup
28
How to make saline for nasal irrigation
-water at body temp, sterile, 1-2 cups -1/4 to 1/2 tsp of non-iodized salt -pinch of baking soda
29
Codeine drug interactions
-CNS depressants -alcohol
30
detromethorphan drug interations
-strong CYP2D6 inhibitors -SSRIs -MAOIs
31
diphenhydramine drug interactions
-CNS depressant -narcotics -alcohol -XXX -XXX
32
general treatments for muscle pains
-RICE -systemic analgesics: over 1-3 days decrease dose and increase intervol, max 10 days -topical counterirritants: 3-4x/day, max 7 days
33
exclusions for self treatment of fever
- fever 104 or higher -infants less than 6 m: ficer higher 101 -infection -hyperthermia -Concurrent respritory diseases -immunosuppressed CNS damage -febrile seziurs -last more 3 days -in children: rash, won't drink, lethargic, vommiting
34
non pharma for fever
-increase fluid intake --don't do cold bath or isopropyl sponging -lightweight clothing, remove blankets, comfortable room T
35
OTC treatment for fever
-acetaminiphen -ibuprophen -naproxen -max 3 days of systemic treatment
36
exclusions for tretments of insomnia
-<12 ->65 -pregnant/breastfeeding -frequent noctural/early morning awakenings -chronic insomnia(more than 3 months) -sleep disruption be other other conditions -significant sleep disorder
37
treatments for sleepiness
-nondrug: sleep hygiene, etc -OTC: caffeine(100-200 mg every 3-4 hours), Guarana(caffeine producing plant)
38
antbiotic ointment
-prevent infection -use until would closes -Apply within XXX of injury -apply 1-XXX times day
39
Types of tape
-plastic: rips easy, strong adhearence, slight residue, movable part of body but not joints -paper: least adhearent, less likely to cause rxn/leave residue, flat skin -cloth: medium adhearence, rxns, residue -waterproof: hard to rip, thickest, strongest adhearence, leave most residue, can be used over joints
40
How to use mouthrinse?
-1-2 tabelspoons -swish 30 seconds -spit -1-2x/day -supervise <12 -avoid eating drinking 30 min after -no fluoride: before brushing otherwise use after
41
Treatments for cold sores
-keep clean -topical skin protectants external analgesics -docosanol: need to start in prodrome -follow up in 14 days
42
non drug self care for xerostomia
-avoid tobacco, caffeine, hot spicy foods -adjust meds -limit sugar -limit acidic food -chew gum with sugar alcohol -increase XXX cool mist humidifier -very soft bristled toothbrush
43
OTC treatments xerostomia
-artificial salivia: 1/2 inch gel on tongue after meals and at bedtime
44
teeth bleaching ingrediants
-hydrogen peroxide(up to 10%) -carbamide peroxide
45
teeth whitening ingrediants
-baking soda -hydrated silica -may be combined with peroxide
46
teeth bleaching
-many forms -used 30 min to 2 hours for 5-14 days
47
teeth whitening
-abrasives remove surface stains and prevent formation of new stains
48
how to manage sensitivity caused by whitening/bleaching agents?
-decrease frequency -lower concentration -don't brush teeth before using product -systemic analgesics
49
symtoms of dyspepsia
-lower stomach -get full fast --belching, nausea, vommiting, bloating, heartburn, regurgitation
50
Non harma for heartburn
--sleep on left side -elevate head 6-8 inches:gerd pillows -mediterrian diet
51
treatment for mild heartburn/dyspepsia
antacid for rapid releif
52
treatment for moderate heartburn/dyspesia but need longer lasting relief
H2RA
53
treatment for heartburn more than 2 days per week
-PPi or H2RA
54
Antacids for pregnancy
-calcium -magnesium
55
Antacids for lactation
aluminum, calcium, magnesium
56
dyspesia OTC treatment
H2RA, antacids not very effective
57
pediatric heartburn considerations
-child formulation of calcium carbonate antacid and lifestyle changes
58
water maintence equation
-first 10kg: 100mL/kg -second 10 kg: 50ml/kg -additional kg: 20ml/kg
59
how to make a fortifier for premature infants
-mix 60-100 mL milk with fortifier
60
Which formulas can be used with premature infants?
-Liquid formulas only(sterile)
61
syptoms of infant dehydration
-rapid -increased heartrate -irritability/lethargic -poor skin turgor -sunken fontanell, eyes -no tears -decreased urine output
62
refferal for infant dehydration
-severe -72 hours -bloody stool -pprojectile vommiting of grreen bilios stuff
63
Drugs for internal hemmeroids
-vasoconstrictor:ephedrine -protectants:all except glycerin -calamine, zinc oxide
64
Drugs for external hemmeroids
-local anestetics -vasoconstrictor -glycerin and other prrotectants -astringents -keratolytics:resorcinol -menthol, camphor, juniper tar -corticosteriod
65
dimenhydranate use
-motion sickness for ages 2+ -2-6: 12.5-25mg every 6-8hrs -6-12: 25-50mg every 6-8 hrs -12+: 50-100 mg every 4-6 hours
66
do not self treat gastroenteritis
-less than 6m or 17.5 Ibs -persistant fever -visible blood, pus, mucos -vommiting -severe dehydration -severe pain -other concurrent illnesses -pregnant -persistant diarrhea -poor response to ORS -no improvment in 28 hours
67
Loperiamide
-acute, nonspecific diarrhea -adults: 4mg them 2 mg after each loose stool, max -6-11: 2mg then 1 mg after each loose stool, max 4 or 6 mg depending on age
68
components of authorized health claim
-publication of FDA regulation and literature review -reduce disease risk: wording may or might -label must say that condition depends on many factors not just food -no claim allowed if high in salt, fat, cholesterol -not allowed less than 2
69
Fiber reccomendations
-Reccomended: 14g fiber per 1000 calories consumed -caution for thos with poor GI motility
70
How to increase fiber intake
-slowly -1-2 serving of fiber every 1-2 weeks until goal fiber
71
symptoms of deficiency for vitamin A
blindness, decreased immune function, skin effects, impaired appetite
72
symptoms of deficiency for vitamin D (calciferol)
"rickets", osteopenia, fractures, falls
73
symptoms of deficiency for vitamin E(tocopherol)
-peripheral neuropathy, muscle weakness, hemolytic anemia
74
symptoms of deficiency for vitamin K
impaired coagulation
75
daily calcium requirments
-Male: less than 70=1000mg, over 70=1200mg -femal less than 50=1000mg -female over 50=1200mg
76
calcium carbonate salf form
-40% elemental calcium -for acidic enviorment
77
calcium citrate salt form
-21% elemental calcium -less dependent on pH
78
Supplements with drug interactions with warfarin
-Danshen, ginko, feverfew, coumarin containing, St johns wort, garlic, dong quai, papaya, red clover
79
Deet
-prevents bites from mosquitoes, blackflies, midges, mites, ticks, chiggers
80
picardin
-biting flies, mosquitoes, ticks
81
permethrin
-ticks, fleas, blackflies --more effective for ticks than deet
82
How to use pediculocides
-wash hair with shampoo and towel dry -apply product(2 bottles if hair longer than sholders), leave on for 10 min, rinse with water, avoid shampooing for 1-2 days -dress in clean clothing -chech hair in 8-12 hours -comb hair every 2-3 days for 2-3 weeks
83
how to treat tinea coporis
antifungal 2x/day for 4 weeks
84
tinea coporis description
-anywhere on body, red scaly, ring shaped -very itchy
85
salicylic acid for warts
-apply gel 2-3x/day -or apply plaster pad every 48 hours
86
side effects of cryotherapy
-blistering -pain/tenderness -scarring/burns -hypo/hyper pigmentation -tendon/nerve damage
87
hard corns
-tops of toes near joints -salicylic acid 1-2x/day -or plaster pad every 48 hours for 14 days
88
soft corns
found between toes -treat with salicylic acid 1-2x/day for 3-6 days
89
exclusions for hair loss
-less than 18 -pregnant/lactating -postparrtum no family history -endocrine dysfunction -medications like chemo -dietary deficiecies -sudden or pathchy losss -fever -skin lesions -scaling -broken hairs loss of eyebrows -pitting of nails
90
treatments for water clogged ears
-ear positioning -warm air near ear -water absorbing ear plugs: remove after 10 min -95% isopropyly alcohol:4-5 drops -5%acetic acid:4-5 drops
91
prevention of contact allegic dermatitis
-avoid plant -ivy block -protective clothing
92
post exposure contact allergic dermatitis treatment
-zanfel -hydrocortisone(1st line) -topical anestetics -astringents
93
sideeffects of dextran 70
temporary stinging
94
side effects of cellolose ethers
crust on eyelids
95
allergic conjuctivitis treatments
-artificial tears: 1st line to flush eye -decongestants -antihistammines -decongestant/antihistamine -antihistamine-mast cell stabilizer -oral antihistamines
96
causes minor eye irritation
-lose forieng body in eye -contact lense -enviorment
97
treatments for minor eye irritation
-artificial tears -zinc ssulfate solution
98
symptoms of psoriasis
-symmetrical lesions -plaques well defined and vary in color -localized or diffuse
99
treatment for psoriasis
-emollients 4x/day -scalp: coal tar or salicylic acid shampoos -limbs,body: coal tar, hydrocortisone -acute localized: hydrocortisone 1% ointment, emollients -thick scaled plaques: salicylic acid
100
dandruff treatments
pyrithione zinc, selenium sulfide, ketoconazole

PHM PRAC 438 (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions