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PHM PRAC 438 > FInal exam main concepts > Flashcards

FInal exam main concepts Flashcards

1
Q

SCHOLAR-MAC

A

-Symptoms:what are the main associated symptoms?
-Characteristics: What is the situation like? stable of changing?
-History: What have you done so far?
-Onset
-Location
-Aggravating factors
-Remitting Factors
-MAC: medications, allergies, conditions

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2
Q

What are the 4 C’s of cultural sensitivity?

A

1) What do you CALL the problem?
2)What to you think CAUSED the problem?
3)How do you COPE with the problem?
4)What CONCERNS do you have about the problem/treatmen?

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3
Q

Symptoms of teething discomforts

A

-mild pain
-gingival irritation, redness
-drooling
-mouth biting, gum rubbing with fingers
-low-grade fever
-irritability/crakiness

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4
Q

Onset and duration of teething discomfort

A

-as early as 3 months old
-8 days per tooth

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5
Q

Non drug therapy for teething

A

-gum massage
-cold teething ring
-washcloth: damp, twisted, frozen
-food: dry toast, teething biscuits

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6
Q

What non drig therapies should be avoided with teething?

A

-teething necklaces, braclets, anklets because of choking risk
-high sugar/carb foods

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7
Q

OTC treatments for teething

A

-systemic acetaminophen or ibuprophen

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8
Q

pediatric acetaminophen dosing

A

-10-15 mg/kg
-every 4-6 hours
-max 2400mg/24hours

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9
Q

pediatric ibuprophen dosing

A

-5-10 mg/kg
-every 6-8 hours
-max 1200mg/24 hours

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10
Q

7 general considerations for OTC use in pregnancy

A

1) non drug therapy more appropriate(especially true in XXX trimester)
2)Stage of pregnancy
3) lowest dose possible
4)topical/local dose preferable to systemic
5)avoid extra strength/ER formulations
6)Avoid combo products
7)adhearence issues due to N/V

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11
Q

How many older adults experiance GI bleeds with NSAID use?

A

-81% of older adults with a GI bleed used NSAIDs
—–95% of these people have misuse

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12
Q

How can a pharmacist increase OTC safety in older adults?

A

-pharmacist consultation
-student consultations
-follow up calls
-“Senior section”: point out medications with higher risk for older adults

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13
Q

Do not self treat conditions for cold

A

-oral temp higher than 100.4
-chest pain
-shortness of breath
-worsening symptoms
-concurrent health conditions
-AIDS or immunosupressing therapy
-frail older adults
-infants less than 3 months

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14
Q

Psedoephederine MOA

A

-alpha-adrenergic agonist constrict blood vessels decreasing sinus congestment

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15
Q

Psedoephederine side effects

A

-CV: elevated BP and HR
-CNS: tremor, insomia, anxiety, irritability, dizziness, HA
-other: rebound nasal congestion, nausea/anorexia, XXX

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16
Q

Psedoephederine drug interactions

A

-ergot derivatives
-linezolid
-MAOIs
-SNRIs

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17
Q

Topical nasal decongestants side effects

A

-rebound nasal congetion
-burning stinging
-sneezing
-nasal dryness

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18
Q

Oxymetazoline dosing

A

0.05% 2-3 sprays every 10-12 hours
-for ages 6+

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19
Q

!st gen antihisamine MOA

A

-blocks histaminic and muscarinic receptors in the medulla

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20
Q

1st gen antihistamine side effects

A

sedation, dry mouth/nose/throat, nausea, dizziness, difficult
urination, constipation, blurred vision, cognitive problems, excitation

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21
Q

adult acetaminophen dosing

A

-325-1000mg evergy 4-6 hours PRN
-max 3250 mg/day

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22
Q

adult ibuprophen dosing

A

-200-400 mg every 4-6 hours PRN
-max 1200 mg/day

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23
Q

adult naprozen dosing

A

-220 mg every 8-12 hours PRN
-max 660 mg/day
-may take 440 mg as first dose

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24
Q

local anesthetics MOA

A

local anesthetic effect to provide pain releif

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25
Q

local anesthetics side effects(throatspray)

A

-altered taste, nausea

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26
Q

Do not self treat cough

A

-difficulty breathing
-cyanosis
-hemoptysis
-weight loss
-night sweats
-worsens or persists 2-3 weeks
-younger than 4
-temp > 100.4
-returms
barking cough
-whooping cough
-sudden onset withour fever
immunocomprimised
-TB
-HIV
-chronic conditions

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27
Q

honey for cough

A

-not for less than 1 yr old
-honey is more effective than placebo, and ewually effective as dextromethorphan
-2.5 to 5 ml in syringe of in a liquid
-can substitute forcorn syrup

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28
Q

How to make saline for nasal irrigation

A

-water at body temp, sterile, 1-2 cups
-1/4 to 1/2 tsp of non-iodized salt
-pinch of baking soda

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29
Q

Codeine drug interactions

A

-CNS depressants
-alcohol

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30
Q

detromethorphan drug interations

A

-strong CYP2D6 inhibitors
-SSRIs
-MAOIs

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31
Q

diphenhydramine drug interactions

A

-CNS depressant
-narcotics
-alcohol
-XXX
-XXX

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32
Q

general treatments for muscle pains

A

-RICE
-systemic analgesics: over 1-3 days decrease dose and increase intervol, max 10 days
-topical counterirritants: 3-4x/day, max 7 days

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33
Q

exclusions for self treatment of fever

A
  • fever 104 or higher
    -infants less than 6 m: ficer higher 101
    -infection
    -hyperthermia
    -Concurrent respritory diseases
    -immunosuppressed
    CNS damage
    -febrile seziurs
    -last more 3 days
    -in children: rash, won’t drink, lethargic, vommiting
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34
Q

non pharma for fever

A

-increase fluid intake
–don’t do cold bath or isopropyl sponging
-lightweight clothing, remove blankets, comfortable room T

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35
Q

OTC treatment for fever

A

-acetaminiphen
-ibuprophen
-naproxen
-max 3 days of systemic treatment

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36
Q

exclusions for tretments of insomnia

A

-<12
->65
-pregnant/breastfeeding
-frequent noctural/early morning awakenings
-chronic insomnia(more than 3 months)
-sleep disruption be other other conditions
-significant sleep disorder

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37
Q

treatments for sleepiness

A

-nondrug: sleep hygiene, etc
-OTC: caffeine(100-200 mg every 3-4 hours), Guarana(caffeine producing plant)

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38
Q

antbiotic ointment

A

-prevent infection
-use until would closes
-Apply within XXX of injury
-apply 1-XXX times day

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39
Q

Types of tape

A

-plastic: rips easy, strong adhearence, slight residue, movable part of body but not joints
-paper: least adhearent, less likely to cause rxn/leave residue, flat skin
-cloth: medium adhearence, rxns, residue
-waterproof: hard to rip, thickest, strongest adhearence, leave most residue, can be used over joints

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40
Q

How to use mouthrinse?

A

-1-2 tabelspoons
-swish 30 seconds
-spit
-1-2x/day
-supervise <12
-avoid eating drinking 30 min after
-no fluoride: before brushing otherwise use after

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41
Q

Treatments for cold sores

A

-keep clean
-topical skin protectants
external analgesics
-docosanol: need to start in prodrome
-follow up in 14 days

42
Q

non drug self care for xerostomia

A

-avoid tobacco, caffeine, hot spicy foods
-adjust meds
-limit sugar
-limit acidic food
-chew gum with sugar alcohol
-increase XXX
cool mist humidifier
-very soft bristled toothbrush

43
Q

OTC treatments xerostomia

A

-artificial salivia: 1/2 inch gel on tongue after meals and at bedtime

44
Q

teeth bleaching ingrediants

A

-hydrogen peroxide(up to 10%)
-carbamide peroxide

45
Q

teeth whitening ingrediants

A

-baking soda
-hydrated silica
-may be combined with peroxide

46
Q

teeth bleaching

A

-many forms
-used 30 min to 2 hours for 5-14 days

47
Q

teeth whitening

A

-abrasives
remove surface stains and prevent formation of new stains

48
Q

how to manage sensitivity caused by whitening/bleaching agents?

A

-decrease frequency
-lower concentration
-don’t brush teeth before using product
-systemic analgesics

49
Q

symtoms of dyspepsia

A

-lower stomach
-get full fast
–belching, nausea, vommiting, bloating, heartburn, regurgitation

50
Q

Non harma for heartburn

A

–sleep on left side
-elevate head 6-8 inches:gerd pillows
-mediterrian diet

51
Q

treatment for mild heartburn/dyspepsia

A

antacid for rapid releif

52
Q

treatment for moderate heartburn/dyspesia but need longer lasting relief

A

H2RA

53
Q

treatment for heartburn more than 2 days per week

A

-PPi or H2RA

54
Q

Antacids for pregnancy

A

-calcium
-magnesium

55
Q

Antacids for lactation

A

aluminum, calcium, magnesium

56
Q

dyspesia OTC treatment

A

H2RA, antacids not very effective

57
Q

pediatric heartburn considerations

A

-child formulation of calcium carbonate antacid and lifestyle changes

58
Q

water maintence equation

A

-first 10kg: 100mL/kg
-second 10 kg: 50ml/kg
-additional kg: 20ml/kg

59
Q

how to make a fortifier for premature infants

A

-mix 60-100 mL milk with fortifier

60
Q

Which formulas can be used with premature infants?

A

-Liquid formulas only(sterile)

61
Q

syptoms of infant dehydration

A

-rapid
-increased heartrate
-irritability/lethargic
-poor skin turgor
-sunken fontanell, eyes
-no tears
-decreased urine output

62
Q

refferal for infant dehydration

A

-severe
-72 hours
-bloody stool
-pprojectile vommiting of grreen bilios stuff

63
Q

Drugs for internal hemmeroids

A

-vasoconstrictor:ephedrine
-protectants:all except glycerin
-calamine, zinc oxide

64
Q

Drugs for external hemmeroids

A

-local anestetics
-vasoconstrictor
-glycerin and other prrotectants
-astringents
-keratolytics:resorcinol
-menthol, camphor, juniper tar
-corticosteriod

65
Q

dimenhydranate use

A

-motion sickness for ages 2+
-2-6: 12.5-25mg every 6-8hrs
-6-12: 25-50mg every 6-8 hrs
-12+: 50-100 mg every 4-6 hours

66
Q

do not self treat gastroenteritis

A

-less than 6m or 17.5 Ibs
-persistant fever
-visible blood, pus, mucos
-vommiting
-severe dehydration
-severe pain
-other concurrent illnesses
-pregnant
-persistant diarrhea
-poor response to ORS
-no improvment in 28 hours

67
Q

Loperiamide

A

-acute, nonspecific diarrhea
-adults: 4mg them 2 mg after each loose stool, max
-6-11: 2mg then 1 mg after each loose stool, max 4 or 6 mg depending on age

68
Q

components of authorized health claim

A

-publication of FDA regulation and literature review
-reduce disease risk: wording may or might
-label must say that condition depends on many factors not just food
-no claim allowed if high in salt, fat, cholesterol
-not allowed less than 2

69
Q

Fiber reccomendations

A

-Reccomended: 14g fiber per 1000 calories consumed
-caution for thos with poor GI motility

70
Q

How to increase fiber intake

A

-slowly
-1-2 serving of fiber every 1-2 weeks until goal fiber

71
Q

symptoms of deficiency for vitamin A

A

blindness, decreased immune function, skin effects, impaired appetite

72
Q

symptoms of deficiency for vitamin D
(calciferol)

A

“rickets”, osteopenia, fractures, falls

73
Q

symptoms of deficiency for vitamin E(tocopherol)

A

-peripheral neuropathy, muscle weakness, hemolytic anemia

74
Q

symptoms of deficiency for vitamin K

A

impaired coagulation

75
Q

daily calcium requirments

A

-Male: less than 70=1000mg, over 70=1200mg
-femal less than 50=1000mg
-female over 50=1200mg

76
Q

calcium carbonate salf form

A

-40% elemental calcium
-for acidic enviorment

77
Q

calcium citrate salt form

A

-21% elemental calcium
-less dependent on pH

78
Q

Supplements with drug interactions with warfarin

A

-Danshen, ginko, feverfew, coumarin containing, St johns wort, garlic, dong quai, papaya, red clover

79
Q

Deet

A

-prevents bites from mosquitoes, blackflies, midges, mites, ticks, chiggers

80
Q

picardin

A

-biting flies, mosquitoes, ticks

81
Q

permethrin

A

-ticks, fleas, blackflies
–more effective for ticks than deet

82
Q

How to use pediculocides

A

-wash hair with shampoo and towel dry
-apply product(2 bottles if hair longer than sholders), leave on for 10 min, rinse with water, avoid shampooing for 1-2 days
-dress in clean clothing
-chech hair in 8-12 hours
-comb hair every 2-3 days for 2-3 weeks

83
Q

how to treat tinea coporis

A

antifungal 2x/day for 4 weeks

84
Q

tinea coporis description

A

-anywhere on body, red scaly, ring shaped
-very itchy

85
Q

salicylic acid for warts

A

-apply gel 2-3x/day
-or apply plaster pad every 48 hours

86
Q

side effects of cryotherapy

A

-blistering
-pain/tenderness
-scarring/burns
-hypo/hyper pigmentation
-tendon/nerve damage

87
Q

hard corns

A

-tops of toes near joints
-salicylic acid 1-2x/day
-or plaster pad every 48 hours for 14 days

88
Q

soft corns

A

found between toes
-treat with salicylic acid 1-2x/day for 3-6 days

89
Q

exclusions for hair loss

A

-less than 18
-pregnant/lactating
-postparrtum
no family history
-endocrine dysfunction
-medications like chemo
-dietary deficiecies
-sudden or pathchy losss
-fever
-skin lesions
-scaling
-broken hairs
loss of eyebrows
-pitting of nails

90
Q

treatments for water clogged ears

A

-ear positioning
-warm air near ear
-water absorbing ear plugs: remove after 10 min
-95% isopropyly alcohol:4-5 drops
-5%acetic acid:4-5 drops

91
Q

prevention of contact allegic dermatitis

A

-avoid plant
-ivy block
-protective clothing

92
Q

post exposure contact allergic dermatitis treatment

A

-zanfel
-hydrocortisone(1st line)
-topical anestetics
-astringents

93
Q

sideeffects of dextran 70

A

temporary stinging

94
Q

side effects of cellolose ethers

A

crust on eyelids

95
Q

allergic conjuctivitis treatments

A

-artificial tears: 1st line to flush eye
-decongestants
-antihistammines
-decongestant/antihistamine
-antihistamine-mast cell stabilizer
-oral antihistamines

96
Q

causes minor eye irritation

A

-lose forieng body in eye
-contact lense
-enviorment

97
Q

treatments for minor eye irritation

A

-artificial tears
-zinc ssulfate solution

98
Q

symptoms of psoriasis

A

-symmetrical lesions
-plaques well defined and vary in color
-localized or diffuse

99
Q

treatment for psoriasis

A

-emollients 4x/day
-scalp: coal tar or salicylic acid shampoos
-limbs,body: coal tar, hydrocortisone
-acute localized: hydrocortisone 1% ointment, emollients
-thick scaled plaques: salicylic acid

100
Q

dandruff treatments

A

pyrithione zinc, selenium sulfide, ketoconazole

PHM PRAC 438 (29 decks)

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