vitamins and minerals Flashcards
vitamin A
Vision, bones, immune system, cell division
Vitamin D
Calcium balance, bone structure
Vitamin E
Antioxidant, protects cell membranes
Vitamin K
Synthesis of clotting factors II/VII/IX/X
and proteins C and S; bones
B1(Thiamine)
Cofactor for metabolism, myocardial function, nerve cell function, carbohydrate
metabolism
B2(riboflavin)
Cellular growth and maintenance of vision, integrity of cell membranes,
reduction/oxidation reactions (P450)
B3(niacin)
Cofactor for NADP reactions
(ex: fatty acid, protein, and steroid production)
B5
Precursor of coenzyme A
(cholesterol, steroid, fatty acid synthesis)
B6(pyridoxine)
Formation of proteins, amino acids, and neurotransmitters
B9(folate)
Cell division, DNA production, brain/spinal cord development
B12(cyanobalmin)
RBC and DNA synthesis cofactor, neurologic function
vitamin C
Antioxidant and cofactor for collagen and prostaglandin metabolism; reduces
ferric iron to ferrous iron
iron
Oxygen & electron transport
magnesium
Bone formation, enzyme function (protein synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism),
maintenance of nerve and muscle electrophysiology, potassium transport
phosphoros
Bone structure, phospholipids, DNA/RNA, ATP, buffer system
calcium
Activates enzymes for acetylcholine synthesis, cell membrane integrity & function, muscle function, activates clotting factors, major component of bones
and teeth
calcium and (iron, zinc, and magnesium)
Calcium prevents nutrient absorption → Separate dosing by at
least 2 hours
calcium and H2 blockers/PPIs
Decreased absorption of certain salt formulations
-consider switch to calcium citrate
calcium and levothyroxine/tetracycline antibiotics
Co-administration decreases levothyroxine absorption so
separate dosing by 4 hours
iron/magnesium and Levothyroxine, tetracycline and
fluoroquinolone antibiotics
separate dosing by 2 hours
