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A&P 1 > Final Exam Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Final Exam Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma Oncotic Pressure of Afferent Arteriole/Glomerular Capillaries Beginning

A

28 mmHg

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2
Q

Plasma Oncotic Pressure in Middle of Glomerular Capillaries

A

32 mmHg

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3
Q

Plasma Oncotic Pressure in the End of the Glomerular Capillaries/Beginning of Efferent Arteriole

A

36 mmHg

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4
Q

Hydrostatic/Hydraulic/Physical Fluid Pressure of Tubule/Bowman’s Capsule

A

18 mmHg

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5
Q

Plasma Osmotic Pressure of Tubule/Bowman’s Capsule

A

0 mmHg

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6
Q

NFP in Tubule/Bowman’s Capsule

A

10 mmHg

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7
Q

Normal GFR

A

125 mL/min

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8
Q

End of Efferent Arteriole Hydrostatic/Hydraulic/Physical Fluid Pressure

A

18 mmHg

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9
Q

Peritubular Capillaries Hydrostatic/Hydraulic/Physical Fluid Pressure

A

13 mmHg

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10
Q

Peritubular Capillaries Plasma Oncotic Pressure

A

32 mmHg

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11
Q

Renal Interstitium Interstitial Fluid Colloid Osmotic Pressure

A

15 mmHg

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12
Q

Renal Interstitium Hydrostatic Pressure

A

6 mmHg

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13
Q

NFP of Peritubular Capillaries

A

-10 mmHg

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14
Q

Reabsorption Pressure of Peritubular Capillaries

A

10 mmHg

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15
Q

What % of materials are absorbed by the kidneys?
*What % is excreted

A

99%
*1-2%

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16
Q

What is the blood flow to the kidneys in mL/min?

A

1100 mL/min

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17
Q

What is the blood flow to the kidneys in L/min

A

1.1L/min

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18
Q

What % of Total Blood Flow to the kidneys is the GFR

A

10%

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19
Q

Low and High Limits for Renal Autoregulation

A

50-150 mmHg

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20
Q

What is a normal urine output?

A

1 mL/min

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21
Q

What is a normal Filtration Fraction [FF]

A

19-20%

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22
Q

What is the formula for Filtration Fraction?

A

GFR/RPF

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23
Q

How do you calculate RPF?
*Give normal Values
*What is a normal RPF

A

If HCT is 0.40, the math is 0.60 x 1100 mL/min = 660
*660

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24
Q

What does GFR = ?
*Equation with values

A

GFR = Kf * NFP
GFR = 12.5 * 10 mmHg

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25
Q

In the kidney, what is the control point for normal filtration and blood flow?

A

The Afferent Arteriole

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26
Q

If you have decreased blood flow to the kidney, what will the afferent arteriole do?

A

Dilate to increase the blood flow

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27
Q

If you have increased blood flow to the kidney, what will the afferent arteriole do?

A

Constrict to decrease blood flow and prevent overperfusion

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28
Q

The further you go into the glomerular capillaries, what happens to plasma colloid pressure?
*Why

A

It increases as you filter more fluid, so the colloids become more concentrated

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29
Q

Why is there no Plasma Oncotic Pressure in the Tubule/Bowman’s Capsule?

A

The kidney does not filter out proteins

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30
Q

Which vessel has the highest vascular resistance in the kidney?

A

The efferent arteriole

31
Q

What structure fine tunes the GFR if needed?

A

the Efferent Arteriole

32
Q

If your GFR is low, what will the efferent arteriole do?
*Value for low GFR

A

It will constrict to promote more filtration = increase GFR
*<125 mL/min

33
Q

If your GFR is high, what will the efferent arteriole do?
*Value for high GFR

A

It will dilate/relax to promote less filtration
*>125 mL/min

34
Q

What is the formula for Excretion?
*What is excretion
*Units

A

Excretion = Filtration-Reabsorption + secretion
*Removal in urine
*mL, mol, mg over time

35
Q

What is Secretion?
*Which ion takes this route in excess

A

Physically pumping things into the tubule to get rid of
*K+

36
Q

What is the Pathway for Secretion?

A

Peritubular Capillaries - Renal Interstitium - Cells - Tubule

37
Q

What is the pathway for reabsorption

A

Fluid in tubule - cells on tubule wall - renal interstitium - peritubular capillaries

38
Q

What is the pathway for Filtration

A

Glomerular Capillaries - Renal Tubules

39
Q

What happens in the Peritubular Capillaries?

A

Lots of reabsorption

40
Q

Name 2 things located within the renal interstitium

A

Ions/electrolytes and Proteins

41
Q

Name the Pathway of Reabsorption, starting with PT

A

Peritubular Capillaries - Renal Vein - Systemic Circulation

42
Q

What is Filtration with Partial Reabsorption?
*Which molecule follows this path
*Why

A

Filters and partially absorbs the molecule, then excretes the rest
*Na+ follows this; we have an increased Na+ in our diet, so the body reabsorbs what it needs and excretes the rest

43
Q

What is Filtration, Complete Absorption
*Which molecule follows this route
*Why

A

The molecule is filtered out and completely reabsorbed
*Glucose follows this route b/c we do not have glucose in the urine

44
Q

What is Filtration, Secretion
*How do we test for this
*Why do we test for this

A

The molecule is filtrated and all of it is secreted
*We give Paramino Hippuric Acid to the patient
*To determine a pt’s renal blood flow

45
Q

The body will manipulate which structure for autoregulation of blood flow and filtration?

A

The Afferent Arteriole

46
Q

If you have a + glucose test in urine, what could the 2 issues be?

A

High BSG or something wrong with the glucose transport system

47
Q

If we have a decreased PAH in CL, what does that mean for renal blood flow?

A

Decreased renal blood flow

48
Q

If we have an increased PAH in CL, what does that mean for renal blood flow?

A

We have increased renal blood flow

49
Q

True or False: The endothelium of the glomerular capillaries is less permeable than a normal endothelium?

A

False; it is more permeable than normal

50
Q

What are fenestrations within the renal glomerular endothelium

A

Specialized openings

51
Q

True or False: The Epithelium provides increased support for the glomerular capillaries, as it needs to withstand high pressures

52
Q

What is the Glomerular Capillary Basement Membrane
*What Charge does it have

A

Connective tissue with a (-) charge

53
Q

How do Podocytes help the glomerular capillaries?
*What other group of cells are they similar to?

A

Help with glomerular swelling, keep surface area in check, and help glomerular capillaries from rupturing due to high renal blood pressure [>100 mmHg]
*Very similar to Astrocytes in BBB

53
Q

What happens do Glomerular Capillaries with increased Renal Blood Pressure?

A

They rupture/fall apart

54
Q

What happens with constriction of the Afferent Arteriole?
*Talk Renal Blood Flow
*Talk Glomerular Capillary Pressure
*Talk GFR

A

Decreased Renal Blood Flow
Decreased Glomerular Capillary Pressure
Decreased GFR

55
Q

What happens with Dilation of the Afferent Arteriole?
*Talk Renal Blood Flow
*Talk Glomerular Capillary Pressure
*Talk GFR

A

Increased Renal Blood Flow
Increased Glomerular Capillary Pressure
Increased GFR

56
Q

What happens with constriction of the Efferent Arteriole?
*Talk Renal Blood Flow
*Talk Glomerular Capillary Pressure
*Talk GFR

A

Decreased Renal Blood Flow
Increased Glomerular Capillary Pressure
Increased GFR

57
Q

What happens with Dilation of the Efferent Arteriole?
*Talk Renal Blood Flow
*Talk Glomerular Capillary Pressure
*Talk GFR

A

Increased Renal Blood Flow
Decreased Glomerular Capillary Pressure
Decreased GFR

58
Q

Which structure is MOST important for autoregulation of GFR and renal blood flow?

A

Afferent Arteriole

59
Q

Which structure is MOST important for fine tuning GFR

A

Efferent Arteriole

60
Q

If GFR is <125 mL/min, what does this mean in terms of filtration?

A

Less Filtration is being done

61
Q

If GFR is >125 mL/min, what does this mean in terms of filtration?

A

More filtration is being done

62
Q

What is the formula for Urine Output

A

GFR - Reabsorption

63
Q

Which combination of size and charge would result in the least amount of filtering?

A

Large and (-) charged

64
Q

Which combination of size and charge would result in the most amount of filtering?

A

Small and (+) charged

65
Q

Name 5 molecules that have lower MW and are “easily” filtered

A

H2O, Na, Glucose, Inulin [maybe also myoglobin]

66
Q

What is Inulin?

A

Synthetic compound that is similar to creatinine; injected to find more accurate GFR

67
Q

In a Lower MAP around 50 mmHg, which is better at auto-regulating: GFR or Renal Blood Flow?

A

Renal Blood Flow is better autoregulating at a lower MAP

68
Q

In a higher MAP around 150 mmHg, which is better at auto-regulation: GFR or Renal Blood Flow?

A

Both are good, but GFR AR is better

69
Q

As MAP increases, what happens to Urine Output?
*Why

A

It increases, as your kidney tries to lower your BP by decreasing volume

70
Q

As MAP decreases, what happens to Urine Output?
*Why

A

It decreases, as your kidney tries to raise your BP by increasing volume

71
Q

If your MAP was high, and did not have any AR of GFR, what would happen to your urine output?

A

Urine output would be extremely high, which would be counterproductive as your body is sending blood to damaged areas, but also ridding the body of fluid at the same rate

72
Q

What would you see in an increased Filtration Fraction?
*Talk Efferent Arteriole
*Talk Fluid Filtration
*Talk Colloid Osmotic Capillary Pressure

A

Constriction
*Increased Fluid Filtration
*Increased Colloid Osmotic Capillary Pressure

73
Q

What would you see in a decreased Filtration Fraction?
*Talk Efferent Arteriole
*Talk Fluid Filtration
*Talk Colloid Osmotic Capillary Pressure

A

Dilation
*Decreased Fluid Filtration
*Decreased Colloid Osmotic Capillary Pressure

A&P 1 (24 decks)

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