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A&P 1 > Exam 3 Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What % of body weight and volume is Muscle

A

40%

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2
Q

Sarcomere Anatomy: Microscope

A
  1. I band [actin only - either side of Z disc]
  2. H band [Myosin only]
  3. Mitochondria
  4. Transverse Tubule
  5. Z-Disc
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3
Q

What is a Z-Disc

A

the 2 ends of each sarcomere [between 2 I bands]

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4
Q

Soleus Muscle Contraction

A

Slow onset but long,sustained force

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5
Q

CBC: What happens after the Myosin Head pulls the Sarcomeres together/

A

It loses the ADP molecule and is now stuck b/c no energy to pull it off of the F-site [makes muscles stiff]

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6
Q

Describe Myosin color and thick or thin

A

Red and Thick

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7
Q

L-T Relationship: New A Fiber

A

Understretched = Little force produced

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8
Q

Where is glycogen stored

A

Liver, Skeletal Muscle

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9
Q

What is Tropomyosin in Actin Filaments

A

Blocks the view of the myosin head trying to bind to the Actin F-sites; must be moved out the way via Ca++ binding to Troponin C

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10
Q

How Achilles Tear is Handled

A

Cadaver or take 2 ends and overlap/connect them; makes for weaker muscle overall

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11
Q

Type 2 Skeletal Muscle
*Color [and why]
*Speed and duration of contraction
*Myoglobin and Mitochondria

A

White, b/c lack of myoglobin
fast onset and short contraction
little myoglobin and mitochondria

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12
Q

CBC: By adding Ca++ to “ready to go state”, what happens next
*What happens to a Phosphate during this

A

Tropomyosin moves out of the way , allowing for the myosin head to attach to the F-sites on Actin Filament
*Phosphate is released

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13
Q

L-T Relationship: C Fiber Stretch
*Length of Sarcomere?

A

Best case scenario for our muscles; 2 micrometers; best stretch and force combo

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14
Q

How do motor neurons get proteins far away from the nucleus?

A

They have a railroad track type system to send proteins down the axon

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15
Q

Where is the Achilles attached

A

Soleus/Gastroc to Calcaneus Bone

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16
Q

Individual Muscle Cell Name

A

Muscle Fiber

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17
Q

Contraction of Myofibril: What happens to the H band

A

The H band disappears

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18
Q

What is the basic functional unit of a skeletal muscle

A

Sarcomere

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19
Q

What is Titin

A

the elastic connective tissue that anchors actin and myosin together; allows for stretch

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20
Q

Contraction of Myofibril: Does the A band change

A

No, it stays the same

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21
Q

CBC: What happens after Myosin head is attached to F-site?

A

Tension in head is used as energy and pulls at F-site to bring Z-discs closer together and slide actin filament to the right [contraction]

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22
Q

Sarcomere Anatomy: Microscope Pt.2

A
  1. Z-Disc
  2. I Band [actin only]
  3. A band [actin + myosin]
  4. H band
  5. Z-Disc
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23
Q

What is Passive Tension?

A

Applying pressure to tendons to stretch muscle out

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24
Q

Gastrocnemius Muscle Contraction

A

Right in the middle between Ocular Muscle and Soleus [most muscles fall into this range]

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25
Q

What is a H band

A

Only Myosin

26
Q

What is a Myofibril
*how many makes up a muscle fiber
*Less or more for fine motor movement muscles

A

Contain actin and myosin; 200 or more per muscle fiber; less for more fine motor movement muscles

27
Q

What is Rigor Mortis, per lecture?

A

Stiff muscles from no ATP [myosin heads stuck on F-sites]

28
Q

What is Active Tension?
*Shape on graph

A

Tension from contracting muscle with AP
*upside U or V shape

29
Q

Contraction of Myofibril: What happens to the I band

A

I band shrinks; the part where no overlap of actin and myosin is the part where the muscle shrinks during contraction

30
Q

How do skeletal muscles get proteins down the muscle for rebuilding?

A

Skeletal muscles are one of the only muscles that are multi-nucleated, allowing for proteins to be produced throughout the muscle

31
Q

Ocular Muscle Muscle Contraction

A

short lived, but rapid start [less myoglobin and mitochondria]

32
Q

What does a ligament connect
*3 examples

A

Bone to Bone [patellar, ACL, MCL]

33
Q

L-T Relationship: D Fiber Stretching

A

Overstretched = no force produced

34
Q

What is an I band

A

Band of only Actin

35
Q

What is Myoglobin
*how does it help mitochondria
*affinity for O2

A

Protein that contains iron and helps O2 unload from blood to muscle
*helps by giving O2 so mitochondria can use it as energy to create ATP
*high affinity for O2

36
Q

What is the Troponin Complex?
*3 Parts with Function

A

3 proteins stuck together to help with binding of F-site and myosin head
* Trop I - Actin
*Trop T - TropoMyosin
* Trop C - 4 binding sites for Ca++ to allow for rotate/unravel for F-sites to be seen/bound

37
Q

Essential Light Chain vs Regulatory Light Chain

A

Essential - Gives Myosin head ATPase activity
Regulatory - helps with specific functions

38
Q

7 things muscle does for the body

A

Locomotion
Expression
Communicate
Body temp
Store glycogen
Effectors from CNS
Stores ions, fluids, proteins

39
Q

Large mu’s
*Reason
*which order are they activated and are they easy or hard to activate

A

Larger motor movements
*Activated 2nd, harder to excite

40
Q

L-T Relationship: Original A fiber

A

Cardiac Ventricle; Frank Starling; little understretched to allow for big stretch and push blood out

41
Q

CBC: How does the Myosin Head look in the “ready to go” state

A

Cocked in perpendicular angle with ADP and Pi attached

42
Q

How many Myosin Molecules per Myosin Filament

A

200

43
Q

What is a motor unit

A

1 or more collection of muscle fibers that is controlled by a single motor neuron

44
Q

What do Tendons Connect
*Which tendon connects muscle to muscle

A

Muscle to bone
*Intermediate tendons connect muscle to muscle

45
Q

Example of Type 1 and Type 2 Skeletal Muscles

A

Type 1: Duck and Goose breast; dark meat
Type 2: Chicken breast; white meat

46
Q

Sarcomere Anatomy

A
  1. Z-Disc
  2. I Band [actin only]
  3. A Band [actin + myosin]
  4. H Band [myosin only]
  5. Titin
  6. Z-Disc
47
Q

Skeletal Muscle Histology

A
  1. Nuclei
  2. Striation from Actin and Myosin
48
Q

Muscle Cell Wall name

A

Sarcolemna

49
Q

Type 1 Skeletal Muscle
*Color [and why]
*Speed and duration of contraction
*Myoglobin and Mitochondria

A

Red, b/c of the iron found in myoglobin
*Slow onset but long, sustained contraction
*Lots of Myoglobin and Mitochondria

50
Q

Contraction of Myofibril: What happens to the Z discs

A

The Z-discs move closer together

51
Q

More than 1 group of muscle cells

A

Fasciculus

52
Q

CBC: How to get Myosin head unattached?

A

Has to come in contact with ATP

53
Q

What is the F-Site in Actin

A

Binding sites for Myosin Head

54
Q

What is an A band

A

Band of both actin and myosin [overlap of filaments = produce force]

55
Q

Describe Actin color and thick or thin

A

White and thin

56
Q

CBC: Last step before “recocking” myosin head back to ready state

A

ATP metabolized into ADP and Pi, allowing for Myosin to be reset and in the ready to go state

57
Q

Muscle is made up of _

A

Many Fasciculi

58
Q

Small mu’s
*Reason
*which order are they activated and are they easy or hard to activate

A

Fine motor control, less skeletal muscle cells
*activated 1st, easy

59
Q

What is total tension?

A

Active + Passive Tension

60
Q

How many chains does a Myosin Filament have?

A

6 total
*2 Heavy
*4 Light [essential, regulatory]

A&P 1 (24 decks)

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