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A&P 1 > Exam 3 Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Meth increases what NTM

A

Glutamate

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2
Q

Pleasure Reward Center NTM?
*Function
*Parkinson’s

A

Dopamine
*Inhibit Motor System
*Decreased dopamine = increased motor system [shakes]

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3
Q

How many ACh to open? How many do we have at that receptor?

A

2, 3

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4
Q

CO2 Influence: Hyperventilate

A

More CO2 blown off = more alkalotic = less free Ca++ = increased CNS activitiy

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5
Q

Alkalotic: Albumin Plasma Protein Binding

A

Less P+ inside, so more Ca++ bind inside Albumin; less free Ca++ = increased CNS Activity

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6
Q

Formula Given per Lecture with Bicarb

A

H+ HCO3- = H2HCO3 = CO2 + H2O

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7
Q

NDMR Onset and Duration

A

Few minutes; may last minutes - hours

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8
Q

More Important Muscles = ? block
*why

A

More important muscles = harder to paralyze; more receptors and more NTM than what is needed

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9
Q

How to increase ACh?
*S/S

A

AChesterase Inhibitor
*Bradycardia by blocking vagus nerve
*increased secretions

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10
Q

The Ulnar Nerve innervates what muscle?

A

Adductor Pollicis

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11
Q

Where can fetal/immature nACh-R be located
*why is this bad for SUX
*What Ion can come in with Sux

A

NMJ and Postjunctional area
*Bad for SUX as more K+ is released
*Ca++

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12
Q

2 Main Inhibitory NTM of the Spinal Cord

A

GABA and Glycine

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13
Q

Tetatnic

A

High Frequency in short period of time >4 twitches/impulses

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14
Q

Outermost Part of Skeletal Muscle where Immature nACh-R are place in a Neuro injury?

A

Postjunctional Area

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15
Q

What is a response from TO4 on the Ulnar Nerve?

A

Thumb moves forward and pinky twitches

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16
Q

TOF: All twitch disappear %

A

90 to 95%

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17
Q

Post-Tetanic Count [PTC]

A

After tetanic stimulus, counting to see how muscle reacts

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18
Q

Supramaximal Stimulus

A

Strong enough depolarization to recruit all of the motor neurons in the underlying nerves to get best result in TO4

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19
Q

What nerves do the Phrenic Nerve connect to the Diaphragm

A

C3, C4, C5

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20
Q

Which nerve connects C3, C4, and C4 nerves to the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic Nerve

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21
Q

How is Benadryl categorized per lecture

A

Anti-Histamine and mACh-R antagonist

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22
Q

NDMR: B/A Ratio
*Why?

A

1st twitch is highest, 4th is lowest; B/A once equal out is close to 1 or 1; NDMR binds to A3B2 ACh-R [autoreceptor] on MN, preventing VP1 from becoming VP2, inhibiting ACh release

23
Q

TO4
*What is a Hz

A

2 Hz at 2 sec interval; Hz = per second [2 impulses per 2 seconds]

24
Q

Alternative to TO4 on Adductor Pollicis

A

Opthalamic Branch of Facial Nerve [Orbicularis Oculi Muscle]; Peroneal Nerve - butt area, Posterior Tibial Nerve

25
Q

Sux: B/A Ratio
*Why?

A

All twitches are same height; B/A should always equal or be close to 1; attaches only at skeletal muscle

26
Q

Why is the Adductor Pollicis Important

A

working with hands, fine motor function like writing

27
Q

Diaphragm: Paralytic Dosage to start and complete block
*What kind of muscle is it
*How much function do we lose when we first paralyze it

A

40 mcg/kg to 90 mcg/kg; skeletal muscle; lose 10% when we first paralyze it

28
Q

Alkalotic: CNS activity

A

Excited CNS

29
Q

Acidotic: Albumin Plasma Binding

A

More Protons+ bind inside with - charge of albumin; Ca+ outside, more free floating = Depress CNS activity

30
Q

CO2 Influence: Hypoventilate

A

Less CO2 blown off, more acidotic, more free floating Ca++ = decreased CNS activity

31
Q

Adductor Pollicis: Paralytic Dosage to start and complete block

A

20 mcg/kg to 40 mcg/kg

32
Q

Alzheimer’s Med Tx

A

Stigmine to cross BBB and enhance ACh at the mACh-R

33
Q

What is voltage

A

Force to move the current [move electrons]

34
Q

Acidotic: CNS activity

A

Depressed CNS

35
Q

What is equal to no polarity?
* What will this cause in the cell
*How do we achieve this

A

Outside charge same as inside charge [-,-] or [+,+]
* Electrodes from TO4 sending electrons to make outside [-]
*Causes depolarization of the cell

36
Q

TOF: 3rd twitch disappear %

A

85%

37
Q

Depolarizing Muscle Agent [SUX] onset and duration

A

FAST, 1 min; lasts 3-5 min

38
Q

Which will recover first: Diaphragm or Adductor Pollicis

A

Diaphragm; if you get twitches in Adductor Pollicis, then diaphragm should have some function

39
Q

What 4 NTM increase awareness in the CNS

A

ACh, Histamine, Glutamate, NE

40
Q

How is SUX broken down?

A

Plasma Cholinesterase in the Liver

41
Q

Normal stimulator settings

A

50-80 mA

42
Q

What are L-Type Ca++ Channels?
*What can block these

A

on MN and 2nd to P-Type in MN; CCB can block and settle down a pt

43
Q

Head Lift nACh-R Blocked %

A

70%

44
Q

Parkinson’s is caused by decreased amounts of this NTM

A

Dopamine; decreased = increased shakes in motor system

45
Q

If you decrease the amount of these 4 NTM, the Pt will become drowsy

A

ACh, Histamine, Glutamate, NE

46
Q

TOF: 2nd twitch disappear %

A

85 to 90%

47
Q

TOF: 4th twitch disappear %

A

75 to 80%

48
Q

Injury right above C3?

A

Respiratory failure - needs vent

49
Q

What is the ACh-R Autoreceptor? Where is it?

A

A3B2 on MN

50
Q

What muscle uses multiple motor neurons?
*What drug to be cautious with

A

Ocular muscle; SUX can increase ocular pressure by increasing K+ permeability

51
Q

What is mA

A

Units for the actual current itself

52
Q

Single Twitch

A

1 impulse

53
Q

Injury at C4

A

Incomplete effected; survival depends on health

A&P 1 (24 decks)

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