Exam 3 Lecture 4

Question 1

Meth increases what NTM

Answer 1

Glutamate

Question 2

Pleasure Reward Center NTM?
*Function
*Parkinson’s

Answer 2

Dopamine
*Inhibit Motor System
*Decreased dopamine = increased motor system [shakes]

Question 3

How many ACh to open? How many do we have at that receptor?

Answer 3

2, 3

Question 4

CO2 Influence: Hyperventilate

Answer 4

More CO2 blown off = more alkalotic = less free Ca++ = increased CNS activitiy

Question 5

Alkalotic: Albumin Plasma Protein Binding

Answer 5

Less P+ inside, so more Ca++ bind inside Albumin; less free Ca++ = increased CNS Activity

Question 6

Formula Given per Lecture with Bicarb

Answer 6

H+ HCO3- = H2HCO3 = CO2 + H2O

Question 7

NDMR Onset and Duration

Answer 7

Few minutes; may last minutes - hours

Question 8

More Important Muscles = ? block
*why

Answer 8

More important muscles = harder to paralyze; more receptors and more NTM than what is needed

Question 9

How to increase ACh?
*S/S

Answer 9

AChesterase Inhibitor
*Bradycardia by blocking vagus nerve
*increased secretions

Question 10

The Ulnar Nerve innervates what muscle?

Answer 10

Adductor Pollicis

Question 11

Where can fetal/immature nACh-R be located
*why is this bad for SUX
*What Ion can come in with Sux

Answer 11

NMJ and Postjunctional area
*Bad for SUX as more K+ is released
*Ca++

Question 12

2 Main Inhibitory NTM of the Spinal Cord

Answer 12

GABA and Glycine

Question 13

Tetatnic

Answer 13

High Frequency in short period of time >4 twitches/impulses

Question 14

Outermost Part of Skeletal Muscle where Immature nACh-R are place in a Neuro injury?

Answer 14

Postjunctional Area

Question 15

What is a response from TO4 on the Ulnar Nerve?

Answer 15

Thumb moves forward and pinky twitches

Question 16

TOF: All twitch disappear %

Answer 16

90 to 95%

Question 17

Post-Tetanic Count [PTC]

Answer 17

After tetanic stimulus, counting to see how muscle reacts

Question 18

Supramaximal Stimulus

Answer 18

Strong enough depolarization to recruit all of the motor neurons in the underlying nerves to get best result in TO4

Question 19

What nerves do the Phrenic Nerve connect to the Diaphragm

Answer 19

C3, C4, C5

Question 20

Which nerve connects C3, C4, and C4 nerves to the diaphragm?

Answer 20

Phrenic Nerve

Question 21

How is Benadryl categorized per lecture

Answer 21

Anti-Histamine and mACh-R antagonist

Question 22

NDMR: B/A Ratio
*Why?

Answer 22

1st twitch is highest, 4th is lowest; B/A once equal out is close to 1 or 1; NDMR binds to A3B2 ACh-R [autoreceptor] on MN, preventing VP1 from becoming VP2, inhibiting ACh release

Question 23

TO4
*What is a Hz

Answer 23

2 Hz at 2 sec interval; Hz = per second [2 impulses per 2 seconds]

Question 24

Alternative to TO4 on Adductor Pollicis

Answer 24

Opthalamic Branch of Facial Nerve [Orbicularis Oculi Muscle]; Peroneal Nerve - butt area, Posterior Tibial Nerve

Question 25

Sux: B/A Ratio *Why?

Answer 25

All twitches are same height; B/A should always equal or be close to 1; attaches only at skeletal muscle

Question 26

Why is the Adductor Pollicis Important

Answer 26

working with hands, fine motor function like writing

Question 27

Diaphragm: Paralytic Dosage to start and complete block *What kind of muscle is it *How much function do we lose when we first paralyze it

Answer 27

40 mcg/kg to 90 mcg/kg; skeletal muscle; lose 10% when we first paralyze it

Question 28

Alkalotic: CNS activity

Answer 28

Excited CNS

Question 29

Acidotic: Albumin Plasma Binding

Answer 29

More Protons+ bind inside with - charge of albumin; Ca+ outside, more free floating = Depress CNS activity

Question 30

CO2 Influence: Hypoventilate

Answer 30

Less CO2 blown off, more acidotic, more free floating Ca++ = decreased CNS activity

Question 31

Adductor Pollicis: Paralytic Dosage to start and complete block

Answer 31

20 mcg/kg to 40 mcg/kg

Question 32

Alzheimer's Med Tx

Answer 32

Stigmine to cross BBB and enhance ACh at the mACh-R

Question 33

What is voltage

Answer 33

Force to move the current [move electrons]

Question 34

Acidotic: CNS activity

Answer 34

Depressed CNS

Question 35

What is equal to no polarity? * What will this cause in the cell *How do we achieve this

Answer 35

Outside charge same as inside charge [-,-] or [+,+] * Electrodes from TO4 sending electrons to make outside [-] *Causes depolarization of the cell

Question 36

TOF: 3rd twitch disappear %

Answer 36

85%

Question 37

Depolarizing Muscle Agent [SUX] onset and duration

Answer 37

FAST, 1 min; lasts 3-5 min

Question 38

Which will recover first: Diaphragm or Adductor Pollicis

Answer 38

Diaphragm; if you get twitches in Adductor Pollicis, then diaphragm should have some function

Question 39

What 4 NTM increase awareness in the CNS

Answer 39

ACh, Histamine, Glutamate, NE

Question 40

How is SUX broken down?

Answer 40

Plasma Cholinesterase in the Liver

Question 41

Normal stimulator settings

Answer 41

50-80 mA

Question 42

What are L-Type Ca++ Channels? *What can block these

Answer 42

on MN and 2nd to P-Type in MN; CCB can block and settle down a pt

Question 43

Head Lift nACh-R Blocked %

Answer 43

70%

Question 44

Parkinson's is caused by decreased amounts of this NTM

Answer 44

Dopamine; decreased = increased shakes in motor system

Question 45

If you decrease the amount of these 4 NTM, the Pt will become drowsy

Answer 45

ACh, Histamine, Glutamate, NE

Question 46

TOF: 2nd twitch disappear %

Answer 46

85 to 90%

Question 47

TOF: 4th twitch disappear %

Answer 47

75 to 80%

Question 48

Injury right above C3?

Answer 48

Respiratory failure - needs vent

Question 49

What is the ACh-R Autoreceptor? Where is it?

Answer 49

A3B2 on MN

Question 50

What muscle uses multiple motor neurons? *What drug to be cautious with

Answer 50

Ocular muscle; SUX can increase ocular pressure by increasing K+ permeability

Question 51

What is mA

Answer 51

Units for the actual current itself

Question 52

Single Twitch

Answer 52

1 impulse

Question 53

Injury at C4

Answer 53

Incomplete effected; survival depends on health