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A&P 1 > Exam 3 Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

If the Slow Pain does not make it to the Thalamus, where does it terminate?
*Location of this location

A

Reticular Formation in the Brainstem

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2
Q

How does Chronic Pain effect the Pain receptors?

A

With chronic pain, there are more pain receptors, so it is harder to bind to them and inhibit pain transmission; more NDMA and AMPA-R and less Enkephalin

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3
Q

What is Lateral Inhibition?

A

The DCML pathway running parallel with the nociceptor to INHIBIT pain signals in the dorsal horn of the cord

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4
Q

Main Glutamate I-Receptor:
*What ion can flood in
*Location
*Activation of this Receptor causes reaction of what other receptor?

A

AMPA - Influx of Na+ ions into cell after bound by Glutamate
*Located on cell wall in receiving neuron
*Depolarization of this receptor can cause NDMA to open

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5
Q

How does Ca++ enter a nociceptor?

A

V-G Ca++ sends Ca++ into the Nociceptor via AP

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6
Q

3 Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors?

A

AMPA, NDMA, Kanate

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7
Q

2 Drug Classes that Increase Serotonin in the Synapse?
*With SSRI example

A

SSRI [prozac], TCA

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8
Q

What is an Enkephalin Receptor?
*What is it an analog of?

A

Endogenous Opiate Receptors
*Morphine analog

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9
Q

Extrapyramidal Motor Tract: Olivospinal

A

Nothing to know per lecture

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10
Q

5 things that can Block NDMA Receptors?

A

Ethanol, Lead, Ketamine, NO, Tramadol

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11
Q

What is the pathway for fast pain?
*What lamina?
* Detailed or Poor Localization?

A

Same as DCML Pathway; Lateral Cord, Ventrobasal Complex, Parietal Lobe
*Lamina 1
*Detailed Localization

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12
Q

Where is the 1st Order Descending Neuron located?

A

Periaqueductal Grey [mecencephalon] or Periventricular Nucleus [Anterior to 3rd ventricle]

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13
Q

Extrapyramidal Motor Tract: Vestibulospinal

A

Maintain balance and focus eyes on things when moving around

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14
Q

Where does the DTML pathway usually stop?

A

The gray matter of the dorsal horn

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15
Q

What is the pathway for slow pain?
*What lamina?
*Detailed or poor localization?

A

Anterior Cord - to brainstem and terminates usually
*Lamina 2, 3, 5
*Poor localization

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16
Q

Where is the crossover for Fast/Slow Pain?

A

AWC

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17
Q

Where are the emotional areas for pain, per lecture?

A

Around where the brainstem meets the diencephalon

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18
Q

How does Chronic Pain look in terms of receptors?

A

Increased receptors, so harder to control pain via Ekephalin analogs

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19
Q

Extrapyramidal Motor Tract: Rubrospinal

A

Used by cerebellum; modulation of voluntary movement

20
Q

Is Glutamate Excitatory or Inhibitory? What is Glutamate?

A

Excitatory; Main NTM for fast pain pathway

21
Q

How does a SSRI create more free-floating Serotonin?

A

Blocks the reuptake of Serotonin, leading to more free floating in the 2nd degree neuron; also helps with 3rd degree neuron

22
Q

How are our NDMA receptors as a baby?
*When we are older?

A

We do not have very many NDMA receptors as a baby
*As we grow older, we develop more NDMA receptors

23
Q

What type of Neurons are used for Fast Pain?

A

A-Delta Myelinated Nociceptors

24
Q

What does the 3rd order descending release?
*Is this excitatory or inhibitory?
*What does this do to the nociceptor and the 2nd order receiving neuron

A

Releases Enkephalins in the spinal cord
*INHIBITORY in the spinal cord
*Binds to the Nociceptor and 2nd order receiving neuron to inhibit pain

25
Q

2nd Main Glutamate I-Receptor:
*What ion can flood in
*Location
*Activation of this receptor can do what to Mg++?

A

NDMA - Ca++ can flood in, as it is bigger
*Located on cell well synapse
*Kick Mg++ out and allow Ca++ in

26
Q

What does the 2nd Descending Order Neuron release?
*Where is this released?
*What does this stimulate?

A

Releases 5-HT [Serotonin] at the dorsal horn in the spinal cord
*This excites the 3rd Order Descending Neuron

27
Q

What is CGRP?

A

Slow NTM in the Slow pain pathway; Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide

28
Q

What does Ca++ do inside the nociceptor?

A

It binds to the Glutamate vesicles and causes exocytosis at cell wall [similar to ACh]

29
Q

What NTM does the 1st Order Descending Neuron Release when excited?
*Where are they released
*What does this stimulate

A

Enkephalins in the middle of the Pons @ the Raphe Magnus Nucleus
*Stimulates/Excites the 2nd order descending neuron

30
Q

How does Acupuncture work?

A

Lateral Inhibition

31
Q

How does Dr. Schmidt classify Tramadol?

A

SSRI, NDMA Blocker, Ekephalin Blocker

32
Q

Which pain messes more with the Emotional System?

A

Slow Pain [chronic pain]

33
Q

Another Name for Serotonin?

A

5-HT

34
Q

Which Extrapyramidal Motor Tract is used by the cerebellum?

A

Rubrospinal

35
Q

How many Neurons make up the DIC?

A

3

36
Q

Per lecture, what can we use to stimulate the DIC?

A

Electrodes to stimulate the DIC, which leads to dull pain

37
Q

Main NTM’s for Slow Pain?

A

Substance P, CGRP, Glutamate [slow]

38
Q

Another name for Lateral Spinothalamic Pain Sensory Tract?

A

Neospinothalamic Tract

39
Q

What type of neurons are used for slow pain?

A

Non-Myelinated C Fibers

40
Q

Another name for Anterior Spinothalamic Pain Sensory Tract?

A

Paleospinothalamic Tract

41
Q

4 Parts of the Extrapyramidal Motor Tract

A

VestibuloSpinal
Olivospinal
Reticulospinal
Rubrospinal

42
Q

Examples of Slow Pain?

A

Vibrations, Thermoreceptors

43
Q

7 Things that Cause A Nociceptor to Depolarize

A

*ACh
*Damage
*Acid [H+] or K+
*Histamine
*Prostaglandins
*Bradykinin
*5-HT

44
Q

What is the Descending Inhibitory Complex [DIC]

A

The descending pain suppression pathway

45
Q

Extrapyramidal Motor Tract: Reticulospinal

A

Maintenance of muscle tone at rest

46
Q

How do TCA’s help with Chronic Pain?

A

SE include drowsy, so can help a chronic pain pt sleep

A&P 1 (24 decks)

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