Final Exam Learning objectives: Male Reproductive System

Question 1

What are the components of the male reproductive system?

Answer 1

PEAT (penis, excretory ducts, accessory sex glands, testes

Question 2

What is the function of Lyedig cells?

Answer 2

Secretes testosterone, insulin like protein 3, and oxytocin; provide endocrine function of testis

Question 3

Testosterone

Answer 3

Secreted by Lyedig cells; testicle development, development of secondary sex glands, secondary sex characteristics, maintains spermatogenesis

Question 4

Insulin like protein 3

Answer 4

Stimulates testicular descent. Marker for evaluating fertility

Question 5

Oxytocin

Answer 5

Contraction of smooth muscle tissue in vas deferens

Question 6

What is the composition of seminiferous tubules?

Answer 6

Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatozoa

Question 7

Sertoli cells

Answer 7

Columnar, pale staining nucleus, extend through thickness of epithelium, secretion of estrogens, and formation of the blood testis barrier.

Question 8

What is the function of the blood-testis barrier?

Answer 8

Isolates haploid germ cells ( secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, and sperm), from blood stream and immune cells. Prevents immune response against sperm and infertility

Question 9

Spermatogonia

Answer 9

Large, spherical, basally located with variable morphology. Undergo mitosis to form continuous supply of germ cells

Question 10

Primary Spermatocytes

Answer 10

Second layer of cells adjacent to spermatogonia, undergo DNA replication (2n and 4d), then division into secondary spermatocytes (2n and 2d)

Question 11

Secondary Spermatocytes

Answer 11

Undergo meiosis division into 4 spermatids, smaller than primary Spermatocytes, difficult to identify

Question 12

Spermatids

Answer 12

Small round to tadpole shaped cells, thick layer of cells nearest lumen of seminiferous tubule

Question 13

Epididymis (Structure)

Answer 13

1) contains head, body, tail
2) crescent shaped lies along surface of testicle
3) outside tunica Albiginea epididymus
4) connective tissue septae from inner tunica albuginea segregated organ into lobules

Question 14

Mediastinum Testis

Answer 14

Connective tissue cord extending through long axis of testis

Question 15

Rete Testis

Answer 15

Complex series of channels within the mediastinum; receives fluid from seminiferous tubules; connects to head of epididymis

Question 16

Efferent Ductules

Answer 16

Lined with alternating clumps of tall ( ciliated) and short (microvilli) pseudostratified epithelial cells

Question 17

Ductus Epididymus

Answer 17

(Body, tail) Lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 18

Epididymus ( function)

Answer 18

Storage and maturation of sperm, removal of degenerating sperm, decapacitation factor added to sperm surface

Question 19

Ductus Deferens

Answer 19

(Vas deferens) longest segment of excurrent duct system, continuation of tail of Epididymus, glandular and non glandular segments

Question 20

Structure and Function of Testicles

Answer 20

1) Paired Ovoid organ, housed withing scrotum, covered by dense connective tissue capsule (tunica albuginea), lobulated (lobuli testis), divided by connective tissue (septuli testis) house leydig cells, seminiferous tubules house (sertoli cells, spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids) depending on the region of the seminiferous tubule.

Question 21

Developmental stages of spermatogenesis

Answer 21

1) Spermatogonia (some cells undego mitosis to retain sperm producing cells, some undergo meiotic division to produce primary and secondary spermatocytes) 2) Primary spermatocytes replicate their DNA before the first round of meiosis 2n chromosomally (normal amount), but twice the amount of 4d DNA 3) Reductive division 1n chromosomally to 2d (normal amount of DNA) to produce secondary spermatocytes 4) Secondary spermatocytes undergo reductive division to produce spermatids 1n chromosomally and 1d (half amount of DNA) (overall, spermatogenesis takes 74 days) and 12 days to enter the epididymis

Question 22

Structure of epididymis

Answer 22

The head of the e.pididymis is made up of the efferent ductules, while the body and tail are made up of the ductus epididmis, the tail of the epidiymis is continued as the ductus deferens

Question 23

Sperm Pathway

Answer 23

1) Produced in the seminiferous tubules, straight tubule (tubuli recti), rete testis, efferent ductules, ductus epididymis, ductus deferens (vas deferens), intrapelvic portion of the urethra.

Question 24

Penis structure

Answer 24

1) Corpus Cavernosum (erectile tissue in center) 2) Covered by dense connective tissue tunica albuginea penis 3) penile bulb - cavernous erectile tissue called the corpus spongiosum penis, lacks trabeculae has more erectile tissue houses urethra 4) Glans portion of the penis (free portion of the penis)

Question 25

Erection and ejaculation

Answer 25

1) Cavernous erectile tissue fills with blood in response to the parasympathetic nervous system (blood flow increases to penile spaces while decreasing venous return) 2) Erectile spaces fill causing penis to increase in length and girth 3) Penis inserted into vagina 4) sympathetic nervous systems stimulates release of secretions from secondary sex glands into the urethra 5) Rhythmic contractions of skeletal muscle covering the carvernous erectile tissue causes propelling and release of ejaculate out of the penis.

Question 26

Accessory sex glands

Answer 26

Vapb (Vesicular glands, Ampulla of vas deferens, Prostate, and bulbourethral gland)

Question 27

Ampulla

Answer 27

secondary sex gland that secretes whitish substance that supports oocytes and spermatozoa

Question 28

Vesicular Gland

Answer 28

secondary sex gland secretes fluid that provides fructose rich energy for ejaculated spermatozoa

Question 29

Prostate Gland

Answer 29

Secondary sex glands secretes (citric acid, fibrinolysins (enzymes liquefy sperm in vagina), and PSA (marker for cancer).

Question 30

Bulbourethral gland

Answer 30

secondary sex characteristics secretes the majority of pre-seminal fluid (libricates urethra and vagina & may play an important role in energy for spermatozoa

Question 31

Structure Urethra

Answer 31

1) Arises from the neck of the bladder passes through the pelvic cavity and continues through the penis 2) horizontally folded mucosa, and transitional epithelium also has erectile tissue

Question 32

Function of the urethra

Answer 32

1) release of urine 2) ejaculation of sperm