Cells of the nervous system Flashcards
Neuroglia
supporting cells for neurons
What are the functions for neuroglia cells?
physical support, protection, facilitate nerve impulses, injury repair, regulates internal fluid environment, removes neurotransmiteer substances from synaptic cleft, exchange metabolites between nervous and criculatory systems
Nissil bodies
small clumps of RER stain with toluidine Blue stain
What are the CNS neuroglial cells?
MOAE; Microglial cells; ependymal cells; oligodendrocytes; astrocytes
What are the PNS neuroglial cells?
SS: Schwann Cells and Satelite cells
Astrocyte types
Fibrous astrocytes, protoplasmic astrocytes,
What is the largest type of neuroglial cell?
astrocytes
What protein is used to identify astrocytes?
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAB)
What are the functions of astrocytes?
Nutrition acquistion and wate elimination ; covers nodes of ranvier; rids synaptic cleft of excess neurons, works with pia matter to form the blood brain barrier; regulates K+ concentration; forms neuropil
Neuropil
fine meshwork in areas devoid of neurons. Formed by astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
smaller in size to astrocytes with fewer, less branching processes
Where are oligodendrocytes found?
in columns between axons
What is the function of oligodendrocytes
Form myelin sheath around CNS axons
Microglial cells
(Cells of hortega) smallest, small darkly staining with a thin layer of cytoplasm
What is the function of microglial cells?
removing invading organisms, neoplastic cells; injured cells; cellular debrisl lmoderate immune reactions
Ependymal cells
Forms single layer of cubodial to columnar shaped cells lining brain ventricles and central canal of spinal cord; modified at areas within ventricles to work with capillary loops (choroid plexus) .
Function of Ependymal cells
Works in the transport of fluid and secreted materials to form cerebrospinal fluid
Schwann Cells
Develop from neural crest ectoderm
Function of Schwann cells
support myelinated and unmyelinated neurons; removes cellular debris; guides regrowth of PNS axons; insulates axons; increases speed of conduction of nerve impulses
Satellite cells
Single layer of small cuboidal cells covering the surface of ganglia
What is the function of satellite cells?
insulate ganglia; provide route for metabolic exchange
