Exam 4: Respiratory Disorders

Question 1

Respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 1

1) Breathing disorder of premature babies 2) Alveoli collapse due to insufficient or lack of surfactant

Question 2

Respiratory distress syndrome treatment

Answer 2

1) Can intubate newborn with endotracheal tube and administer a surfactant preparation 2) Can inject mother with betamethasone (a corticosteroid) prior to premature delivery (fetus absorbs drug which accelerates surfactant production, decreasing severity or likelihood of development of respiratory distress syndrome)

Question 3

Squamous Metaplasia

Answer 3

Replacement of respiratory epithelium with squamous epithelial cells due to prolonged and/or repeated damage from inhaled toxins, viruses, and bacteria

Question 4

Bronchial Carcinoma

Answer 4

A malignant tumor that often originates in areas of squamous cell metaplasia of heavy smokers

Question 5

Purulent tracheobronchitis

Answer 5

A bacteria infection that develops secondary to an initial viral infection

Question 6

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 6

Thickening of the bronchial wall through increased numbers and activity of seromucus glands, and thickening of the smooth muscle layer; Commonly associated with asthma

Question 7

Asthma

Answer 7

A combined severe bronchoconstriction because of smooth muscle contraction, and production of thick mucus

Question 8

Emphysema

Answer 8

1 ) Progressive destruction of alveolar ducts, sacs, and alveoli 2) Get permanent dilatation of air spaces, with reduction in surface area for gas exchange 3) Loss of elastic tissue leads to collapse of bronchioles and air trapping

Question 9

COPD

Answer 9

(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) ; The combination of chronic bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema