Exam 4: Integumentary System Review Questions

Question 1

Functions of the skin

Answer 1

Acts as a barrier, Temperature regulation, provides sensory information, endocrine and exocrine functions, Absorption

Question 2

Thick Skin

Answer 2

palms of hands, feet, digital pads

Question 3

Thin skin

Answer 3

face, abdomen, scrotum

Question 4

To be able to explain the interaction of epidermal pegs and dermal papillae, and the implications for dermatoglyphics

Answer 4

Dermal papillae are in areas of high contact interdigitate with epidermal pegs. Result in linear elevations (epidermal ridges). Epidermal ridges form uniques patterns which can be used as a means of identification (dermatoglyphics or finger prints)

Question 5

Epidermal ridges

Answer 5

(dermatoglyphics) formed from interdigitation between dermal papillae and epidermal pegs. used in identification.

Question 6

Melanocytes

Answer 6

1) Dendritic cells scattered among the stratum basal 2) protects against ionizing radiation through the production of melanin

Question 7

Langerhans cells

Answer 7

1)Antigen presenting cells migrate into skin from vascular system 2) intraepidermal macrophages 3) Display antigens to T - lymphocytes

Question 8

Hypodermis

Answer 8

1) Meshwork of loose connective tissue and elastic fibers lying deep to the dermis. 2) Serves as an attachment site for cutaneous muscles 3) Provides for mobility of overlying skin

Question 9

Keratinocytes

Answer 9

1) Main cell of epidermis 2) Formed in stratum basal 3) Produce and assemble keratin filaments as cells move through epidermis to stratum granulosum

Question 10

How long is the keratinization process?

Answer 10

2-6 hours

Question 11

Sebacceous gland morphology

Answer 11

simple, branched alveolar glands. Develop as outgrowths of ERS of hair follicle

Question 12

Function of sebacceous glands

Answer 12

Produce Sebum; discharge sebum via holocrine method (fatty material and part of cell secreted)

Question 13

Sebum

Answer 13

produced by sebacceous glands ( oily substance consisting of FA, cholesterol, and vitamin D precursors. Reduces entry of microbes through the skin. Decreases water loss, and keeps hair and skin surface pliable (flexible))

Question 14

Sweat gland morphology

Answer 14

simple, coiled, tubular glands. Utilize apocrine and merocrine secretion.

Question 15

Apocrine Secretion

Answer 15

Apical end of secreting cell excreted along with secretory product (domestic animals)

Question 16

Merocrine

Answer 16

Secretory product excreted in vesicles that fuse with plamalemma to release product (Humans)

Question 17

Sweat components

Answer 17

Water, protein, NaCl, urea, and more; 600ml water lost daily due to sweating and evaporation from skin and lungs

Question 18

Follicle formation

Answer 18

1) in-growths of epidermis and basement membrane into dermis to form follicles 2) occurs at 3rd month of fetal life 3) grows at 4) 1mm/day rate loss - 70-100/day

Question 19

Superficial to deep hair follicle

Answer 19

1) ERS (attachment site for erector pili muscle) 2) IRS (Henley’s Layer (single layer cuboidal non nucleated cells), Huxley’s Layer (1-3 flattened, nucleated cells), IRS cuticle (Squamous cells adjacent to hair cuticle) ) 3) Hair cuticle (outer most layer of hair, cornified non-nucleated, protects hair from physical damage 4) Cortex (Thickest layer, determines texture, color, and elasticity of hair) 5) Medulla (only found in thick hairs, disappears toward hair tip)

Question 20

Sinus hair found in what type of organisms

Answer 20

domestic animals around lips and eyelids

Question 21

Sinus hair structure

Answer 21

1) Thicker inner and outer layers of dermal sheath 2) Blood filled sinus between inner and outer layers of dermal sheath 3) Connective tissue trabeculae in blood sinus. 4) Free nerve endings and merkel cells associated w/epidermal cells and connective tissue of dermal sheath

Question 22

Function of sinus hair

Answer 22

1) movement of sinus hair at skin surface 2) displacement of hair shaft within blood sinus 3) stretching of connective tissue trabeculae 4) Stimulation of nerve endings and merkel cells