Final exam Flashcards
Anatomy
study of structure
Physiology
study of function
What are the components of homeostatic control? Define each one
Stimulus: change from normal
Receptor: Responds to change; sends signal to control center
Control Center: usually brain or glands; sends signal to effector
Effector: negates stimulus
Stimulus
change from normal
What are the forms of matter?
solid, liquid, gas.
bases vs. acids - how are they different from one another
Bases: 7.1 - 14 bases accept hydrogen when added to a solution; also called a proton acceptor
Acids: 0-6.9. acids dissociate in a solution to produce more H+
pH
measure of the amount of Hydrogen is in a solution. The lower the pH, the more the H+
pH of water
7
pH of blood
7.4
Lipid
diverse group of fatty, water-insoluble compounds. Function as stored nutrients, cellular membrane components, and hormones. 4 classes: triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, eicosanoids
Sugar
also called carbs. Has an O and OH attached to each carbon. Includes monosaccharides (glucose, hectose, pentose) disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, lactose) and polysaccharides (glycogen, starch, cellulose)
Proteins
compounds that aid in storage, catalyst, support, transport, defense, structural support, movement. monomers are amino acids (they are linked by peptide bonds). Consists of oligopeptides (3-20) polypeptides (21-199) Protein (200+) and glycoproteins. examples of proteins: hemoglobin, insulin, histone.
nucleus
largest structure in a cell; contains dna. enclosed in a nuclear envelope and has nucleoplasm fluid
cell membrane
forms outer barrier; separates internal from external contents. contains modified extensions like cilia and flagellum.
ribosome
synthesize proteins and are arranged into large and small subunits.