Chapter 9

Question 1

joint

Answer 1

place of contact between bones, bone and cartilage, or bones and teeth

Question 2

arthrology

Answer 2

scientific study of joints

Question 3

structural classification

Answer 3

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Question 4

functional classifications

Answer 4

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

Question 5

fibrous joints

Answer 5

connected by dense regular connective tissue with no joint cavity. Are immobile or slightly mobile. 3 most common types are gomphoses, sutures, and syndesmoses.

Question 6

gomphoses

Answer 6

“peg in a socket” articulation of teeth with sockets of mandible and maxillae. tooth held in place by fibrous periodontal membranes.

Question 7

sutures

Answer 7

immobile fibrous joint found between certain bones of the skull. Permit skull to grow as brain increases in size.

Question 8

syndesmoses

Answer 8

some are amphiarthroses and some are synarthrosis. Made by long strands of dense regular connective tissue. bound by interosseous membrane, broad ligamentous sheet.

Question 9

cartilaginous joints

Answer 9

made of either hyaline or fibrocartilage with no joint cavity. Immobile or slightly mobile. types include synchondroses or symphyses.

Question 10

synchondrosis

Answer 10

bones joined by hyaline cartilage; immobile. in epiphyseal plates,attach the first rib to sternum,

Question 11

Symphysis

Answer 11

pad of fibrocartilage that resists compression. amphiarthotic. examples include pubic symphysis and intervertebral joints.

Question 12

synovial joints

Answer 12

freely moveable (diarthosis) and most common. Bones are separated by a joint cavity. each have 1. articular capsule and joint cavity 2. synovial fluid 3.articular cartilage and 4. ligaments, nerves, blood vessels.

Question 13

synovial joint capsule

Answer 13

double-layered capsule termed articular capsule. Outer layer is fibrous and formed from dense connective tissue. has 2 layers: and outer fibrous layer and inner synovial membrane

Question 14

Outer layer of joint capsule

Answer 14

fibrous; formed from dense connective tissue. Strengthens joints to prevent bones being pulled apart

Question 15

inner layer of joint capsule

Answer 15

synovial membrane; composed of areolar connective tissue that covers all internal joint surfaces not covered by cartilage. Helps produce synovial fluid.

Question 16

articular cartilage

Answer 16

articulating bone covered by this hyaline cartilage. functions to reduce friction, cushion and prevent damage. lacks a perichondrium and is avascular like all cartilage.

Question 17

joint cavity

Answer 17

space permitting separation of articulating bones that is lined by a synovial membrane

Question 18

synovial fluid

Answer 18

secreted by synovial membrane. It lubricates articular cartilage, nourishes and removes waste from the articular cartilages chondrocytes, and acts as a shock absorber.