2nd Half of Chapter 6

Question 1

friction ridges

Answer 1

also called fingerprints; complex arches and whorls that help increase friction and allow for personal identification

Question 2

4 most common fingerprint patterns

Answer 2

arch, whorl, loop, combo

Question 3

UVA rays

Answer 3

between 320-400 nm

Question 4

UVB rays

Answer 4

b/w 290-320 nm

Question 5

Lines of cleavage

Answer 5

collagen and elastic fibers oriented in parallel bundles that resist stress; incision parallel heal more quickly and are less likely open than perpendicular incisions to the cleavage lines

Question 6

Vasoconstriction

Answer 6

occurs when trying to preserve heat; blood is shunted from periphery goes towards deeper, essential structures

Question 7

Vasodilation

Answer 7

occurs when needing to lose heat. Causes more blood closer to skin causing a flushing effect

Question 8

subcutaneous layer

Answer 8

consists of areolar and adipose connective tissue. protects, acts as energy reserve, insulation, drug injection site.

Question 9

distribution of subcutaneous layer

Answer 9

women, generally thicker and in breasts, butts, hips, and thighs. Men, thinner and in neck, arms, abdomen, lower back and butt

Question 10

lanugo

Answer 10

fine, unpigmented hair that appears in last trimester

Question 11

vellus

Answer 11

fine hair, on upper and lower limbs

Question 12

terminal hair

Answer 12

coarse, long, pigmented. On scalp, facial hair, axillary and pubic regions.

Question 13

functions of hair

Answer 13

protection, heat retention, sensory reception, visual identification, chemical signal dispersal (pheromones)

Question 14

hair growth

Answer 14

one-third mm per day for 2-5 yrs. enters dormant phase of 3-4 months

Question 15

hair loss

Answer 15

normal scalp loses 10-100 hairs per day. Hair loss may be due to drugs, diet, radiation, fever, or stress

Question 16

alopecia

Answer 16

thinning of hair

Question 17

diffuse hair loss

Answer 17

hair shed from all parts of the scalp seen primarily in women

Question 18

male pattern baldness

Answer 18

loss of hair from certain regions of scalp. combo of genetic and hormonal factors.

Question 19

merocrine sweat glands

Answer 19

numerous and widely distributed; secrete sweat to aid in thermoregulation

Question 20

apocrine sweat glands

Answer 20

produce secretions by exocytosis, found in axillary, pubic, and anal regions. Produce viscous cloudy secretions that contain protein and lipids and produce an odor with bacteria.

Question 21

ceruminous glands

Answer 21

modified apocrine glands in external acoustic meatus, secrete waterproof earwax called cerumen to lubricate eardrum and trap material

Question 22

mammary glands

Answer 22

modified apocrine sweat glands, only function in pregnant and lactating women

Question 23

Acne

Answer 23

plugged sebaceous ducts prevalent during the teens. treatments include benzyol peroxide, salicylic acid, antibiotics, and vitamin a compounds

Question 24

stages of wound healing

Answer 24

1. cut blood vessel bleeds into wound.
2. blood clot form and leukocytes clean wound.
3. blood vessel regrows and granulation tissue forms
4. epithelium regenerates and connective tissue fibrosis occurs

Question 25

wound healing characteristics

Answer 25

slower the more damage occurs. less likely to return to original condition with severe damage.

Question 26

psoriasis

Answer 26

chronic autoimmune disease where keratinocytes are attacked by t-lymphocytes. this causes overgrowth of skin cells (patches of whitish, scaly skin) treatments: corticosteroids, uv light therapy, meds that interfere with skin cell production

Question 27

burns

Answer 27

caused by heat, radiation, sun, chemicals. threat to life from fluid loss and infection.

Question 28

first degree burns

Answer 28

only involve epidermis and can be soothed with cool water.

Question 29

second degree

Answer 29

epidermis and part of dermis. the skin is blistered and painful- may cause slight scarring.

Question 30

third degree burn

Answer 30

epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer. requires hospitalization and dehydration/infection treatment. require more caloric intake and causes severe scarring. may need debridement and skin graft

Question 31

rule of nines

Answer 31

used to measure severity of burn

Question 32

skin cancer

Answer 32

most common type of cancer most common on head and neck. fair skinned individuals at highest risk and can be reduced by sunscreen