2nd Half of Chapter 6 Flashcards
friction ridges
also called fingerprints; complex arches and whorls that help increase friction and allow for personal identification
4 most common fingerprint patterns
arch, whorl, loop, combo
UVA rays
between 320-400 nm
UVB rays
b/w 290-320 nm
Lines of cleavage
collagen and elastic fibers oriented in parallel bundles that resist stress; incision parallel heal more quickly and are less likely open than perpendicular incisions to the cleavage lines
Vasoconstriction
occurs when trying to preserve heat; blood is shunted from periphery goes towards deeper, essential structures
Vasodilation
occurs when needing to lose heat. Causes more blood closer to skin causing a flushing effect
subcutaneous layer
consists of areolar and adipose connective tissue. protects, acts as energy reserve, insulation, drug injection site.
distribution of subcutaneous layer
women, generally thicker and in breasts, butts, hips, and thighs. Men, thinner and in neck, arms, abdomen, lower back and butt
lanugo
fine, unpigmented hair that appears in last trimester
vellus
fine hair, on upper and lower limbs
terminal hair
coarse, long, pigmented. On scalp, facial hair, axillary and pubic regions.
functions of hair
protection, heat retention, sensory reception, visual identification, chemical signal dispersal (pheromones)
hair growth
one-third mm per day for 2-5 yrs. enters dormant phase of 3-4 months
hair loss
normal scalp loses 10-100 hairs per day. Hair loss may be due to drugs, diet, radiation, fever, or stress
alopecia
thinning of hair
diffuse hair loss
hair shed from all parts of the scalp seen primarily in women
male pattern baldness
loss of hair from certain regions of scalp. combo of genetic and hormonal factors.
merocrine sweat glands
numerous and widely distributed; secrete sweat to aid in thermoregulation
apocrine sweat glands
produce secretions by exocytosis, found in axillary, pubic, and anal regions. Produce viscous cloudy secretions that contain protein and lipids and produce an odor with bacteria.
ceruminous glands
modified apocrine glands in external acoustic meatus, secrete waterproof earwax called cerumen to lubricate eardrum and trap material
mammary glands
modified apocrine sweat glands, only function in pregnant and lactating women
Acne
plugged sebaceous ducts prevalent during the teens. treatments include benzyol peroxide, salicylic acid, antibiotics, and vitamin a compounds
stages of wound healing
- cut blood vessel bleeds into wound.
- blood clot form and leukocytes clean wound.
- blood vessel regrows and granulation tissue forms
- epithelium regenerates and connective tissue fibrosis occurs
wound healing characteristics
slower the more damage occurs. less likely to return to original condition with severe damage.
psoriasis
chronic autoimmune disease where keratinocytes are attacked by t-lymphocytes. this causes overgrowth of skin cells (patches of whitish, scaly skin) treatments: corticosteroids, uv light therapy, meds that interfere with skin cell production
burns
caused by heat, radiation, sun, chemicals. threat to life from fluid loss and infection.
first degree burns
only involve epidermis and can be soothed with cool water.
second degree
epidermis and part of dermis. the skin is blistered and painful- may cause slight scarring.
third degree burn
epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer. requires hospitalization and dehydration/infection treatment. require more caloric intake and causes severe scarring. may need debridement and skin graft
rule of nines
used to measure severity of burn
skin cancer
most common type of cancer most common on head and neck. fair skinned individuals at highest risk and can be reduced by sunscreen
