FINAL [Define]

Question 1

Organizational culture

Answer 1

refers to a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations.

Question 2

Strong culture

Answer 2

core values are intensely held and widely shared.

Question 3

Organizational climate

Answer 3

it is the shared perceptions about the organization and work enviorment

Question 4

Subcultures

Answer 4

tend to develop in large organizations to reflect common problems, situations, or
experiences that members face

Question 5

dominant culture

Answer 5

expresses the core values a majority of members share and that give the organization distinct personality.

Question 6

ethical work climate (EWC)

Answer 6

the shared concept of right and wrong behavior in that workplace, develops as part of the organizational climate

Question 7

Leadership

Answer 7

the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals

Question 8

Authentic leaders

Answer 8

They know what
they believe in and value. And they act on those values and beliefs openly and candidly.
The result: people come to have faith in them.

Question 9

Nonverbal Communication

Answer 9

Includes body movements, the intonations or emphasis we give to words, facial expressions,
and the physical distance between the sender and receiver

Question 10

Grapevine

Answer 10

The informal communication network in a group or organization

Question 11

Lateral communication

Answer 11

among members of the same work group, among
members of work groups at the same level, among managers at the same
level, or among any horizontally equivalent personnel.

Question 12

Oral Communication

Answer 12

The primary means of conveying messages

Question 13

Automatic processing

Answer 13

a relatively superficial consideration of evidence and
information.

Question 14

Controlled processing

Answer 14

a detailed consideration of evidence and information
relying on facts, figures, and logic.

Question 15

Group

Answer 15

two or more individuals, interacting and
interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives.

Question 16

Formal groups

Answer 16

those defined by the organization’s structure.

Question 17

Informal groups

Answer 17

alliances that are neither formally structured nor
organizationally determined.

Question 18

Social identity theory

Answer 18

considers when and why individuals consider
themselves members of groups.

Question 19

Norms

Answer 19

Acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by
the group’s members.

Question 20

Status

Answer 20

a socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members
by others.

Question 21

Groupthink

Answer 21

situations in which group pressures for conformity deter the
group from critically appraising unusual, minority, or unpopular views.

Question 22

Groupshift

Answer 22

a change between a group’s decision and an individual decision
that a member within the group would make.

Question 23

Social loafing

Answer 23

he tendency for individuals to expend less effort when
working collectively than alone

Question 24

interacting groups

Answer 24

Members meet face-to-face and rely on both verbal and
nonverbal interaction to communicate with each other.

Question 25

Diversity

Answer 25

degree to which members of the group are similar to, or different
from, one another

Question 26

Brainstorming

Answer 26

can overcome pressures for conformity.

Question 27

nominal group technique

Answer 27

restricts discussion or interpersonal
communication during the decision making process

Question 28

Status Inequity

Answer 28

perceived inequity creates disequilibrium and can lead to
resentment and corrective behavior.

Question 29

Motivation

Answer 29

the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward
attaining a goal.

Question 30

Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 30

is the most well-known theory of motivation.

Question 31

motivation-hygiene theory.

Answer 31

Proposed by psychologist Frederick Herzberg when he investigated the question, “What do people want from
their jobs?” the two-factor theory is sometimes also called motivation-hygiene theory.

Question 32

self-determination theory

Answer 32

that people prefer to feel they have control over their actions, so anything that
makes a previously enjoyed task feel more like an obligation than a freely chosen activity will undermine
motivation.

Question 33

Self-concordance

Answer 33

considers how strongly people’s reasons for pursuing goals are consistent with their
interests and core values.

Question 34

Management by Objectives (MBO)

Answer 34

allows employees to participatively set goals that are tangible, verifiable,
and measurable, an organization’s overall objectives are translated into specific objectives for each succeeding
level

Question 35

Edwin Locke’s goal-setting theory

Answer 35

proposed that intentions to work toward a goal are a major source of work
motivation. Goals tell an employee what needs to be done and how much effort is needed

Question 36

Self-efficacy theory

Answer 36

also known as social cognitive theory and social learning theory, is a new theory gaining
much attention, it’s an individual’s belief that he or she is capable of performing a task..

Question 37

Nonsanctioned leadership

Answer 37

the ability to influence that arises outside the formal structure of the organization—is often
as important or more important than formal influence. In other words, leaders can emerge from within a group as well
as by formal appointment.