FINAL [Define] Flashcards
Organizational culture
refers to a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations.
Strong culture
core values are intensely held and widely shared.
Organizational climate
it is the shared perceptions about the organization and work enviorment
Subcultures
tend to develop in large organizations to reflect common problems, situations, or
experiences that members face
dominant culture
expresses the core values a majority of members share and that give the organization distinct personality.
ethical work climate (EWC)
the shared concept of right and wrong behavior in that workplace, develops as part of the organizational climate
Leadership
the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals
Authentic leaders
They know what
they believe in and value. And they act on those values and beliefs openly and candidly.
The result: people come to have faith in them.
Nonverbal Communication
Includes body movements, the intonations or emphasis we give to words, facial expressions,
and the physical distance between the sender and receiver
Grapevine
The informal communication network in a group or organization
Lateral communication
among members of the same work group, among
members of work groups at the same level, among managers at the same
level, or among any horizontally equivalent personnel.
Oral Communication
The primary means of conveying messages
Automatic processing
a relatively superficial consideration of evidence and
information.
Controlled processing
a detailed consideration of evidence and information
relying on facts, figures, and logic.
Group
two or more individuals, interacting and
interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives.
Formal groups
those defined by the organization’s structure.
Informal groups
alliances that are neither formally structured nor
organizationally determined.
Social identity theory
considers when and why individuals consider
themselves members of groups.
Norms
Acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by
the group’s members.
Status
a socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members
by others.
Groupthink
situations in which group pressures for conformity deter the
group from critically appraising unusual, minority, or unpopular views.
Groupshift
a change between a group’s decision and an individual decision
that a member within the group would make.
Social loafing
he tendency for individuals to expend less effort when
working collectively than alone
interacting groups
Members meet face-to-face and rely on both verbal and
nonverbal interaction to communicate with each other.
Diversity
degree to which members of the group are similar to, or different
from, one another
Brainstorming
can overcome pressures for conformity.
nominal group technique
restricts discussion or interpersonal
communication during the decision making process
Status Inequity
perceived inequity creates disequilibrium and can lead to
resentment and corrective behavior.
Motivation
the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward
attaining a goal.
Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
is the most well-known theory of motivation.
motivation-hygiene theory.
Proposed by psychologist Frederick Herzberg when he investigated the question, “What do people want from
their jobs?” the two-factor theory is sometimes also called motivation-hygiene theory.
self-determination theory
that people prefer to feel they have control over their actions, so anything that
makes a previously enjoyed task feel more like an obligation than a freely chosen activity will undermine
motivation.
Self-concordance
considers how strongly people’s reasons for pursuing goals are consistent with their
interests and core values.
Management by Objectives (MBO)
allows employees to participatively set goals that are tangible, verifiable,
and measurable, an organization’s overall objectives are translated into specific objectives for each succeeding
level
Edwin Locke’s goal-setting theory
proposed that intentions to work toward a goal are a major source of work
motivation. Goals tell an employee what needs to be done and how much effort is needed
Self-efficacy theory
also known as social cognitive theory and social learning theory, is a new theory gaining
much attention, it’s an individual’s belief that he or she is capable of performing a task..
Nonsanctioned leadership
the ability to influence that arises outside the formal structure of the organization—is often
as important or more important than formal influence. In other words, leaders can emerge from within a group as well
as by formal appointment.
