CH9 (test bank)

Question 1

Which of the following is true with regard to groups?
A) A group is characterized by the independence of its members.
B) A group typically lacks definite roles and structures.
C) A group influences our emotional reactions.
D) An informal gathering cannot be considered a group.
E) The membership of a group does not affect how its members treat outsiders.

Answer 1

C) A group influences our emotional reactions.

Question 2

Which of the following is true regarding formal groups?
A) They are natural formations that arise in response to the need for social contact.
B) They lack clearly defined structures and roles for their members.
C) They have negligible impact on employee performance and behavior.
D) A group of people who come together to protest against a new law make up a formal group.
E) They are marked by stipulated behaviors in pursuit of organizational goals.

Answer 2

E) They are marked by stipulated behaviors in pursuit of organizational goals.

Question 3

An informal group is characterized by the ________.
A) stipulation of expected behaviors by the organization
B) predetermined designation of tasks of members.
C) pursuit of particular organizational goals.
D) fulfillment of the need for social contact
E) creation of timelines and rationale

Answer 3

D) fulfillment of the need for social contact

Question 4

Which of the following differentiates between formal and informal groups?
A) The timeline of reference for formal groups is greater than that for informal groups.
B) The impact of formal groups on organizational performance is lesser than that of informal groups.
C) Formal groups pursue the goal of social contact, while informal groups have definite organizational
goals to attain.
D) Formal groups are typically smaller in size when compared to informal groups.
E) Formal groups involve clearly defined tasks and roles, while informal groups are neither formally
structured nor organizationally determined.

Answer 4

E) Formal groups involve clearly defined tasks and roles, while informal groups are neither formally
structured nor organizationally determined.

Question 5

Our tendency to take personal pride or offense for the accomplishments of a group we are a part of, is
the territory of the ________ theory.
A) social exchange
B) expectancy
C) social identity
D) reinforcement
E) equity

Answer 5

C) social identity

Question 6

________ is defined as the tendency to see members of the group of which we are a part of as better
than other people.
A) In-group homogeneity
B) Xenocentrism
C) In-group favoritism
D) Black sheep effect
E) Hindsight bias

Answer 6

C) In-group favoritism

Question 7

At Milton farms, where a large part of the management comes from the same sociocultural
background, many employees of diverse ethical or cultural origins are hired only to ensure legal
compliance with laws relating to diversity at the workplace. The company’s day-to-day functioning
leaves much to be desired in terms of promoting diversity. Recently, the owner’s cousin was promoted to
the post of a branch manager while three suitable candidates hailing from a different cultures were
blatantly overlooked. This is an example of ________.
A) social loafing
B) in-group favoritism
C) groupthink
D) contrast bias
E) social exchange

Answer 7

B) in-group favoritism

Question 8

Aaron Dias was working on the last shift for the day at All Needs, a retail store owned by an Asian
man, when he opened the cash register and stole some money thinking that nobody would witness him
stealing. However, one of the customer attendants watched him steal the money and reported it to the
manager the next day, following which Aaron was terminated. Subsequently, the manager became
extremely strict with all his Caucasian employees and was often heard abusing them saying “you guys
are all the same.” This scenario depicts ________.
A) social loafing
B) in-group favoritism
C) groupthink
D) contrast bias
E) social exchange

Answer 8

B) in-group favoritism

Question 9

Similarity is a characteristic under the social identity theory that manifests itself in the ________.
A) tendency of in-group members to notice and emphasize identities that reflect how different they are
from other groups
B) tendency of people who have greater uniformity in values and characteristics to have greater group
identification as well
C) tendency of people to link themselves to high-status groups in an attempt to define themselves
favorably
D) tendency of people to use the group as a means of understanding who they are and how they fit into
the world
E) tendency of in-group members to prefer and endorse the products, ideas, and aspects of someone
else’s culture over their own

Answer 9

B) tendency of people who have greater uniformity in values and characteristics to have greater group
identification as well

Question 10

In the context of the social identity theory, distinctiveness refers to the ________.
A) tendency of people who have greater uniformity in values and characteristics to have greater
identification as well
B) tendency of people to link themselves to high-status groups in an attempt to define themselves
favorably
C) tendency of people to use the group as a means of understanding who they are and how they fit into
the world
D) tendency of in-group members to prefer and endorse the products, ideas, and aspects of someone
else’s culture over their own
E) tendency of in-group members to notice and emphasize identities that reflect how different they are
from other groups

Answer 10

E) tendency of in-group members to notice and emphasize identities that reflect how different they are
from other groups

Question 11

Status is a characteristic under the social identity theory that reflects the ________.
A) tendency of people to use the group as a means of understanding who they are and how they fit into
the world
B) tendency of people who have greater uniformity in values and characteristics to have greater
identification as well
C) tendency of people to link themselves to groups of higher social standing in an attempt to define
themselves favorably
D) tendency of in-group members to prefer and endorse the products, ideas, and aspects of someone
else’s culture over their own
E) tendency of in-group members to notice and emphasize identities that reflect how different they are
from other groups

Answer 11

C) tendency of people to link themselves to groups of higher social standing in an attempt to define
themselves favorably

Question 12

Uncertainty reduction is a dimension of the social identity theory that manifests itself in the
________.
A) tendency of people who have greater uniformity in values and characteristics to have greater
identification as well
B) tendency of people to use the group as a means of understanding who they are and how they fit into
the world
C) tendency of people to link themselves to groups of higher social standing in an attempt to define
themselves favorably
D) tendency of in-group members to prefer and endorse the products, ideas, and aspects of someone
else’s culture over their own
E) tendency of in-group members to notice and emphasize identities that reflect how different they are
from other groups

Answer 12

B) tendency of people to use the group as a means of understanding who they are and how they fit into
the world

Question 13

Which of the following represents the second stage in the five-stage group development model?
A) adjourning
B) performing
C) storming
D) forming
E) norming

Answer 13

C) storming

Question 14

Which of the following stages of the five-stage group development model is characterized by a great
deal of uncertainty about the group’s purpose, structure, and leadership?
A) introduction
B) storming
C) forming
D) evolution
E) norming

Answer 14

C) forming

Question 15

The second stage of the five-stage group development model is characterized by ________.
A) uncertainty about the purpose, structure, and leadership of the group
B) cohesiveness and close relationships among members of the group
C) strong feelings of group identity among members of the group
D) intragroup conflict within the group
E) pride in the accomplishments of the group

Answer 15

D) intragroup conflict within the group

Question 16

By the end of the stage of ________, a relatively clear hierarchy of leadership within the group is
established.
A) norming
B) storming
C) forming
D) adjourning
E) performing

Answer 16

B) storming

Question 17

During the third stage of group development ________.
A) conflicts over leadership are common
B) the group demonstrates cohesiveness
C) intragroup conflicts occur
D) members resist the constraints the group places on them
E) groups disband

Answer 17

B) the group demonstrates cohesiveness

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true regarding the norming stage of group development?
A) According to the five-stage group development model, this is the second stage in the group
development model.
B) This stage is characterized by a great deal of uncertainty about the group’s purpose, structure, and
leadership.
C) During this stage, members accept the existence of the group but resist the constraints it imposes on
individuality.
D) During this stage, the group develops a common set of expectations of what defines correct member
behavior.
E) During this stage the group completes the task at hand.

Answer 18

D) During this stage, the group develops a common set of expectations of what defines correct member
behavior

Question 19

When the group energy is focused on the task at hand and the group is fully functional, it is said to
be in the stage of ________.
A) storming
B) norming
C) inertia
D) forming
E) performing

Answer 19

E) performing

Question 20

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding the performing stage?
A) The performing stage is characterized by a great deal of uncertainty about the group’s purpose,
structure, and leadership.
B) During the performing stage there is conflict over who will control the group.
C) The performing stage involves members trying out different behaviors in order to understand which
behaviors the group considers acceptable.
D) For permanent work groups, performing is the last stage in development.
E) During the performing stage, members accept the existence of the group but resist the constraints it
imposes on individuality.

Answer 20

D) For permanent work groups, performing is the last stage in development.

Question 21

Which of the following is true with regard to the five-stage group development model?
A) All permanent groups pass through the five stages of this model of group development successively.
B) For temporary work teams, the performing stage is the last stage of group development.
C) The model assumes that employees are functioning at their most effective level from the first stage.
D) A positive social focus may aid a group in reaching the performing stage more rapidly.
E) Groups proceed through the stages of group development in similar speed and timelines.

Answer 21

D) A positive social focus may aid a group in reaching the performing stage more rapidly.

Question 22

Which of the following statements is true with regard to the punctuated-equilibrium model of group
development?
A) It applies to all permanent work groups.
B) It follows the five stages of forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.
C) It does not consider the changes in patterns of group activities in response to deadlines and time
constraints.
D) It involves the two strategies of groupthink and groupshift to break out of the phases of inertia.
E) It characterizes groups as exhibiting long periods of inertia interspersed with brief revolutionary
changes.

Answer 22

E) It characterizes groups as exhibiting long periods of inertia interspersed with brief revolutionary
changes.

Question 23

Tabby Tolman is a project coordinator at Tristar Solutions. Whenever a new project comes her way,
she holds a project meeting and follows it up with repeated meetings to address any concerns the team
may have and to monitor their progress. However, with the peak of the business season arriving, she has
been holding just one project initiation meeting for every project to save on time. She has become
increasingly worried about the team’s progress with no inputs coming from the members and she has had
no time to check with them. With two weeks left to go for a high priority project of a month’s duration,
she has now begun to see some work coming through and is relieved. This development reflects that the
group is at the stage of ________.
A) forming
B) inertia following the first meeting
C) second phase of inertia before the group’s last meeting
D) storming
E) transition following the halfway mark in the timeline

Answer 23

E) transition following the halfway mark in the timeline

Question 24

The first phase of group development for temporary groups involves ________.
A) the phase of inertia before transition
B) the determination of the group’s direction
C) the transition to plan the major changes
D) a period of accelerated activity
E) the adoption of new perspectives

Answer 24

B) the determination of the group’s direction

Question 25

The determination of the behavioral patterns and assumptions through which the group approaches
the project is a function of the ________ phase in the punctuated-equilibrium model.
A) performing
B) inertia
C) equilibrium
D) transition
E) first meeting

Answer 25

E) first meeting

Question 26

Which of the following represents the major determinants of group development and functioning as
depicted by the punctuated-equilibrium model?
A) better perspectives and patterns
B) group solidarity and collectivist goals
C) promotion of diversity
D) deadlines and time constraints
E) role perception and expectation

Answer 26

D) deadlines and time constraints

Question 27

Role perception is defined as ________.
A) the way others believe we should act in a given context
B) our view of how we are supposed to act in a given situation
C) the existence of roles that are at variance with one another
D) the socially defined position or rank given to group members by others
E) the degree to which members are motivated to stay in the group.

Answer 27

B) our view of how we are supposed to act in a given situation

Question 28

Janice Cooper has recently joined a hospital as a part of the internship program prescribed by the
nursing school she attends. Janice, who was inspired to take up this profession by the story of Florence
Nightingale, had very strong ideals about how she should behave as a nurse. She felt that as a nurse, she
must be gentle, pleasant, and caring at all times so she could serve her patients well, and she often went
to great lengths as an intern by putting in extra hours at the hospital and so on. The scenario reflects
Janice’s ________.
A) role fuzziness
B) role ambiguity
C) role conflict
D) role perception
E) role status

Answer 28

D) role perception

Question 29

Role ________ is defined as the way others believe you should act in a given context.
A) fuzziness
B) expectation
C) conflict
D) perception
E) enhancement

Answer 29

B) expectation

Question 30

Most people assume that a police officer should behave in a lawful manner, refrain from
demonstrating favoritism to any particular group, and do their best to uphold the law. Which of the
following terms best represents these beliefs?
A) diversity
B) similarity
C) role expectation
D) uncertainty reduction
E) dispersion of responsibility

Answer 30

C) role expectation

Question 31

When ________, the result is role conflict.
A) compliance with one role aids our performance in another role
B) compliance with the group is an attempt to understand who we are and how we fit into the world
C) compliance with the group is marked by a tendency to notice and emphasize those aspects of the
group that are distinctive
D) compliance with one role requirement may make it difficult to comply with another
E) compliance with the group is strengthened by members who have similar values and characteristics

Answer 31

D) compliance with one role requirement may make it difficult to comply with another

Question 32

Michael is devout and very active in his church. He is also a very dedicated employee. His manager
offers him a promotion but the new role will require him to work Sundays. Michael would like the
promotion, but realizes that it would force him to miss some church activities. In this situation, Michael
is most likely to experience ________.
A) role conflict
B) social loafing
C) groupthink
D) role fuzziness
E) groupshift

Answer 32

A) role conflict

Question 33

Which of the following represents the acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are
shared by the group’s members?
A) status
B) norms
C) dyads
D) goals
E) cliques

Answer 33

B) norms

Question 34

Which of the following is an example of performance norms?
A) dress codes
B) rules in informal groups
C) assignment of difficult jobs, pay, and equipment
D) distribution of pay
E) the manner in which a job must be done

Answer 34

E) the manner in which a job must be done

Question 35

The ________ norms dictate behavior such as with whom group members eat lunch and friendships
on and off the job.
A) appearance
B) social arrangement
C) performance
D) reference
E) organizational

Answer 35

B) social arrangement

Question 36

A local government work crew cleans up parks and other public spaces. In this crew the dirtiest jobs
are generally given to the newest members, while the more senior members of the crew tend to do little
except draw their pay. Which of the following classes of norms encompasses arrangements like this?
A) performance norms
B) appearance norms
C) resource allocation norms
D) reference norms
E) leisure norms

Answer 36

C) resource allocation norms

Question 37

________ refers to the adjustment of one’s behavior to align with the norms of the group.
A) Deviance
B) Conflict
C) Divergence
D) Conformity
E) Appearance

Answer 37

D) Conformity

Question 38

The important groups to which an individual belongs or hopes to belong are known as ________
groups.
A) interacting
B) reference
C) organizational
D) control
E) nominal

Answer 38

B) reference

Question 39

Jonas Wilkes has struggled for many years with tight finances at home. Throughout school and
college, he worked really hard, earned the best grades, and prepared himself for a better life. By a better
life, he meant a house in the uptown Wellington Road and a membership in the Diamond District Club
where he envisions himself playing golf on weekends. The residents of Wellington Road and the
members of Diamond District Club serve as a ________ for him.
A) nominal group
B) organizational group
C) control group
D) intervention group
E) reference group

Answer 39

E) reference group

Question 40

Which of the following terms best represents voluntary actions that violate significant organizational
norms and, in doing so, threaten the well-being of the organization or its members?
A) undue hardship
B) deviant workplace behavior
C) antidiscrimination and retaliation
D) progressive discipline
E) wrongful termination

Answer 40

B) deviant workplace behavior

Question 41

Which of the following is true with regard to deviant workplace behavior?
A) It is involuntary in nature.
B) Widespread deviant workplace behavior depends on the accepted norms of the group.
C) It has a negligible adverse impact on organization as it is accepted by some employees.
D) Research on deviance at the workplace has shown that employees operating individually engage in
more deviant behaviors than those who function as a part of groups.
E) Leaving work early is an example of a property-related deviant workplace behavior.

Answer 41

B) Widespread deviant workplace behavior depends on the accepted norms of the group.

Question 41

Status refers to the ________.
A) impact that support of group norms has on workplace civility
B) adjustment of one’s behavior to align with the norms of the group
C) socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others
D) existence of roles that are at variance with one another
E) acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the group’s members

Answer 41

C) socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others

Question 42

According to status characteristics theory, which of the following factors does not determine status?
A) control over the resources needed by the group
B) contribution to goals
C) ability to conform to group norms
D) personality
E) talent

Answer 42

C) ability to conform to group norms

Question 43

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of status on conformity pressure?
A) High-status individuals are often given less freedom to deviate from norms than are other group
members.
B) People in high-status jobs have especially negative reactions to social pressure exerted by people in
low-status jobs.
C) Lower-status people are better able to resist conformity pressures than their high-status peers.
D) Groups exert equal conformity pressure on all individuals regardless of their status.
E) As compared to high-status members, low-status members are given a wider range of discretion as
long as their activities aren’t severely detrimental to group goal achievement.

Answer 43

B) People in high-status jobs have especially negative reactions to social pressure exerted by people in
low-status jobs.

Question 44

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of size of the group has on the
performance of the group?
A) The size of the group does not affect the group’s overall behavior.
B) Evidence indicates that larger groups are faster at completing tasks than smaller ones.
C) As compared to smaller groups, larger groups are better in problem solving.
D) If the goal of the group is fact-finding then smaller groups are more effective than larger groups.
E) Evidence indicates that individuals perform better in larger groups than in smaller ones.

Answer 44

C) As compared to smaller groups, larger groups are better in problem solving.

Question 45

Which of the following terms indicates the tendency of individuals to spend less effort when
working collectively?
A) groupthink
B) collective efficacy
C) social loafing
D) groupshift
E) social facilitation

Answer 45

C) social loafing

Question 46

When faced with a number of tight deadlines, Mandy Moore often delegates work collectively.
Recently she chose some fairly experienced employees to work on a high-priority project. She was
heartened to see that the selected group of employees was having numerous meetings and working hard.
However, when she went to check on their progress at the halfway mark in the project schedule, she was
shocked to see how little the team had done in the past three weeks. This scenario reflects ________.
A) groupthink
B) collective efficacy
C) social loafing
D) groupshift
E) in-group favoritism

Answer 46

C) social loafing

Question 47

Which of the following is a contributing factor with regard to social loafing?
A) difficult task assignments
B) high collective efficacy
C) severe time constraints
D) dispersion of responsibility
E) heavy workload

Answer 47

D) dispersion of responsibility

Question 48

Which of the following is an effective means of countering social loafing?
A) increasing the rewards the group is given if it succeeds
B) increasing the amount by which the group’s progress is monitored
C) ensuring that individual contributions to the group’s outcome are identified
D) increasing the size of the group
E) increasing the group’s workload

Answer 48

C) ensuring that individual contributions to the group’s outcome are identified

Question 49

Which of the following is true with regard to social loafing?
A) Social loafing decreases when rewards are added for collective performance of the group.
B) Social loafing reflects the drastic rise in employee performance when they work collectively.
C) Social loafing involves the cumulative rise in productivity when teams increase in size.
D) Social loafing is a result of the emphasis on individual outcomes over shared outcomes.
E) Social loafing is witnessed less in collectivist cultures where people take pride in group performance

Answer 49

E) Social loafing is witnessed less in collectivist cultures where people take pride in group performance

Question 50

________ refers to the degree to which members are attracted to each other and motivated to stay in
the group.
A) Assertiveness
B) Social dominance
C) Authoritativeness
D) Cohesiveness
E) Diversity

Answer 50

D) Cohesiveness

Question 51

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of group cohesiveness and
performance norms on group productivity?
A) When cohesiveness is low and performance norms are also low, productivity will be high.
B) The productivity of the group is affected by the performance norms but not by the cohesiveness of
the group.
C) If cohesiveness is high and performance norms are low, productivity will be high.
D) If cohesiveness is low and performance norms are high, productivity will be low.
E) When both cohesiveness and performance norms are high, productivity will be high.

Answer 51

E) When both cohesiveness and performance norms are high, productivity will be high.

Question 52

________ is defined as the extent to which members of a group are similar to, or different from, one
another.
A) Homogeneity
B) Diversity
C) Conformity
D) Civility
E) Universality

Answer 52

B) Diversity

Question 53

Which of the following is an advantage of group decision making when compared to individual
decision making?
A) increased ambiguous responsibility
B) increased conformity pressures
C) increased diversity of views
D) increased dispersion of accountability
E) increased pace of decision making

Answer 53

C) increased diversity of views

Question 54

When ________ is of importance in decision making, group decisions are preferred to individual
decisions.
A) acceptance of solution
B) speed
C) efficiency
D) clear responsibility
E) legitimacy

Answer 54

A) acceptance of solution

Question 55

Group decision making has a disadvantage in the area of ________, when compared to individual
decision making.
A) diversity
B) creativity
C) acceptance of final solutions
D) speed
E) accuracy

Answer 55

D) speed

Question 56

________ is defined as a phenomenon in which the norm for consensus overrides the realistic
appraisal of alternative courses of action.
A) Groupshift
B) Social loafing
C) In-group favoritism
D) Cyber loafing
E) Groupthink

Answer 56

E) Groupthink

Question 57

Sonia Soans is corporate trainer. One of her favorite ways to start a training program is to present a
case study and encourage members to think of the case in depth and discuss it amongst each other.
Using the results of the activity she understands the baseline measures of the group’s functioning.
During one of her recent sessions, she observed that the group came to a consensus very quickly.
However, when asked to present their views, the team members were not too confident and appeared to
be under an illusion of unanimity. From the scenario, we can say that this group experienced ________.
A) diversity
B) groupshift
C) role conflict
D) groupthink
E) social loafing

Answer 57

D) groupthink

Question 58

Which of the following steps can be taken by a manager so as to minimize groupthink?
A) increasing the group size
B) encouraging group leaders to develop a stronger sense of group identity
C) preventing all team members from engaging in a critical evaluation of ideas at the beginning
D) asking the group members to first focus on the positives of an alternative rather than the negatives
E) seeking input from employees before the group leader presents his opinions

Answer 58

E) seeking input from employees before the group leader presents his opinions

Question 59

In discussing a given set of alternatives and arriving at a solution, group members tend to exaggerate
the initial positions they hold. This phenomenon is called ________.
A) social desirability bias
B) groupshift
C) halo effect
D) social loafing
E) in-group favoritism

Answer 59

B) groupshift

Question 60

Groupshift is seen when ________.
A) group members view themselves in better light when compared to members of the out-group
B) group members tend to exaggerate the initial positions they hold when discussing a given set of
alternatives and arriving at a solution
C) group members notice and emphasize identities that reflect how different they are from other groups
D) group members tend to prefer and endorse the products, ideas, and aspects of someone else’s culture
over their own
E) group members fail to express alternative opinions and deviant views under the influence of the norm
for consensus.

Answer 60

B) group members tend to exaggerate the initial positions they hold when discussing a given set of
alternatives and arriving at a solution

Question 61

The HR department at Bailey Services is considering offering telecommuting as an option to some
experienced employees. At a meeting to formalize the move, the heads of the different departments met
with Laura Watson, the HR manager. Laura, who thought this meeting would be a short one, was proven
wrong when all the members, who had previously agreed that telecommuting would work in their
company, began coming up with divergent views. By the end, two divisions claimed having major
concerns about allowing employees to telecommute, and those in favor of it were equally vocal. This
scenario depicts the operation of ________.
A) conformity
B) groupshift
C) role conflict
D) groupthink
E) social loafing

Answer 61

B) groupshift

Question 62

Groupthink is most commonly seen in the group decision-making approach using ________.
A) reference groups
B) nominal groups
C) brainstorming
D) interacting groups
E) electronic meeting groups

Answer 62

D) interacting groups

Question 63

Like many other marketing strategy specialists, Mark Fritz relies heavily on creativity and
originality. Members of his team are selected on the basis of their ability to think divergently, and Mark
often conducts activities to ensure that this ability is developed. For instance, before any new project,
Mark invites his team to sit together and churn out possible ideas about the new product, its theme, and
ways in which it can be projected best in the market. These sessions usually provide him with a bank of
potential ideas from which the team selects some strong concepts and develops them into a campaign.
To encourage freedom in these sessions, Mark has a no-evaluation policy. This is an example of
________.
A) in-group favoritism
B) groupshift
C) brainstorming
D) groupthink
E) social loafing

Answer 63

C) brainstorming

Question 64

Which of the following statements is true regarding brainstorming?
A) Brainstorming encourages criticizing an idea as early as possible.
B) Brainstorming overcomes the problem of “production blocking.”
C) Brainstorming can overcome the pressures for conformity.
D) Research consistently shows that a group in a brainstorming session generates more ideas than an
individual working alone.
E) Brainstorming fails to develop group cohesiveness.

Answer 64

C) Brainstorming can overcome the pressures for conformity.

Question 65

A group decision-making method in which individual members meet face-to-face to pool their
judgments in a systematic but independent fashion is the ________ technique.
A) reference groups
B) nominal groups
C) brainstorming
D) interacting groups
E) in-group

Answer 65

B) nominal groups

Question 66

Bonnie Patterson is a manager for seven years at Wayne and Watson, a legal consultancy firm. A
good part of her work day involves holding meetings and she likes to get work on a time-bound
schedule. For this reason, members of her team receive the agenda at the beginning of the meeting,
followed by some time to contemplate over the issue at hand individually. Subsequently, the team
members present their ideas one after the another, the group discusses them together, and lastly, a
ranking is done to choose the most favored idea. This represents the ________ approach of group
decision making.
A) interacting
B) reference group
C) brainstorming
D) nominal group
E) groupthink

Answer 66

D) nominal group

Question 67

Hubert Gray needs an instruction manual developed for his new product. This is the last step of the
project and he has severe budget constraints. He needs a small team of technical writers to work together
closely to write the manual on fairly short notice. He needs them to communicate ideas quickly,
creatively, and affordably. Which of the following group techniques should Hubert consider?
A) nominal and electronic
B) brainstorming
C) brainstorming and electronic
D) electronic and interacting
E) interacting and brainstorming

Answer 67

E) interacting and brainstorming

Question 68

ABL is one of the largest consumer goods companies in the country and it recently held its annual
conference where members of all regional divisions were invited. Since the company is vast and rarely
finds all its employees together in such a manner, it used this opportunity to present to them certain new
ideas they had regarding various aspects of their functioning. Large meetings with each regional team
were held to provide them with information about the proposed changes and to obtain their anonymous
votes through computers. This helped the company speed up the decision-making process and
consolidate the results immediately. Which of the following group decision techniques did ABL use
here?
A) heuristics and algorithm approach
B) nominal groups approach
C) electronic meeting approach
D) reference groups approach
E) brainstorming

Answer 68

C) electronic meeting approach

Question 69

In-group favoritism does not adversely affect people of the out-group.

Answer 69

F

Question 70

The social identity theory proposes that people use groups to understand who they are and how they
fit into the world.

Answer 70

T

Question 71

A batch of trainees has been assigned a new project and the team is unsure of the details of the
project and how they will pursue its completion as a group with specific tasks and roles. This batch of
trainees is in the forming stage of group development.

Answer 71

T

Question 72

During the forming stage of group development, close relationships develop and the group
demonstrates cohesiveness.

Answer 72

F

Question 73

The development of temporary work groups is best understood in terms of the five-stage group
development model.

Answer 73

F

Question 74

Role perception indicates our view of how we are supposed to act in a given situation.

Answer 74

T

Question 75

Role expectations at work are often conveyed through the psychological contract.

Answer 75

T

Question 76

A company’s dress code policy comes under the performance norms.

Answer 76

F

Question 77

Important groups to which individuals belong or hope to belong are called nominal groups.

Answer 77

F

Question 78

An individual’s personal characteristics like good looks or friendly personality represents one of the
dimensions of the status characteristics theory.

Answer 78

T

Question 79

High-status members of groups are often given less freedom to deviate from norms than are other
group members.

Answer 79

F

Question 80

If a group is highly cohesive then it will be highly productive even with low performance norms.

Answer 80

F

Question 81

Surface-level diversity refers to attitudes, values, and opinions which are different in diverse groups.

Answer 81

F

Question 82

Group decisions are generally less accurate than the judgments of the most accurate individual in the
group.

Answer 82

T

Question 83

Individual decisions are more time consuming than group decisions.

Answer 83

F

Question 84

Amy Jones has to come up with a strategy to regulate the excessive use of the Internet by her
employees in such a way that they accept and commit to the solution themselves. It is advisable for her
to use group decision making, rather than individual decision making in this situation.

Answer 84

T

Question 85

Groupthink is a phenomenon that relates to the consensus norms.

Answer 85

T

Question 86

Research consistently shows that a group in a brainstorming session generates more ideas than an
individuals working alone.

Answer 86

F

Question 87

The chief advantage of the nominal group technique is that it permits the group to meet formally but
does not restrict independent thinking, as does the interacting group.

Answer 87

T

Question 88

Electronic meetings minimize social pressures and conflicts.

Answer 88

T