Final Ch15

Question 1

“participant-observer”

Answer 1

describe someone planted inside a group to verify the findings of an outside observer

Question 2

Moreno

Answer 2

sociometry and 3 pattens of attitudes in groups 1. attraction

2. repulsion
3. indifference

Question 3

sociometry

Answer 3

the study of relationships within a group of people

Question 4

Lewin (3)

Answer 4

1. field theory
2. leadership styles (authoritarian and democratic and laissez faire)
3. 3 phases

Question 5

field theory

Answer 5

lewin viewed behaviour as a function of the interaction between a person and his or her social environment; group is never in a steady state of equilibrium but in a “quasi-stationary equilibrium”

Question 6

leadership styles lewin

Answer 6

authoritarian: impaired initiative and bred hostly and aggressiveness
democratic and laissez-faire: more effective in maintaing group moral and satisfaction

Question 7

3 phases

Answer 7

1. unfreezing (recognising need for change)
2. changing
3. refreezing (establishing new behaviour patterns)

Question 8

Maslow

Answer 8

needs theory pyramid

Question 9

5 categories of needs

Answer 9

1. Physiological
2. Safety
3. Love
4. Esteem
5. Self-actualization

Question 10

job enlargement

Answer 10

combining jobs, increased product quality and decreased idle time for employees

Question 11

Leadership styles (2)

Answer 11

1. job-centered: less concerned with human needs and more with production
2. employee-centered: establish high performance goals and displayed supportive behaviour toward subordinates

Question 12

2 factors of leader behavior

Answer 12

1. consideration (developing mutual trust, two -way communication)
2. initiating structure: define the way work has to be done

Question 13

Simon

Answer 13

how choice were made
humans reduce the complexity of the problem and only acknowledge solutions they can handle, then managers don’t always search for optimum choice but settle with a good enough alternative

Question 14

Micro level

Answer 14

sociometry, group dynamics, participation, leadership motivation

Question 15

Macro level

Answer 15

search for models to explain interactions between the formal and informal organisation