Chapter 6

Question 1

Alfred D. Chandler Jr. - 4 phases

Answer 1

1. getting resources
2. using them
3. entering new markets - expanding
4. development of new structure

Question 2

horizontal growth

Answer 2

producers in similar fields combined through mergers, pools, or trusts to gain economies of scales in manufacturing

Question 3

vertical growth

Answer 3

in terms of production process
backward- acquisition of raw material sources or suppliers
forward- establishing marketing outlets for the firms own products

Question 4

Chandler connection between transportation and communication

Answer 4

slow transport -> products localised -> no need to increase production

steam power = locomotives and steamboats -> markets were extended and a larger scale of production became desirable

Question 5

andrew carnegie

Answer 5

led the expansion of the american steel industry (vertical and horizontally)
- rich should use their money to improve society

Question 6

soldiering

Answer 6

a workers deliberate slowing of output

Question 7

atkinson

Answer 7

discovered paying by performance

low wages = low output (vice versa)