Final: Blood Cell Disorders Flashcards
Location of Hematopoiesis in children
Tibia
Femur
Location of hematopoiesis in adults
Pelvis Cranium Vertebral bodies Sternum Ribs
Extramedullary hematopoiesis occurs in
Spleen
Liver
Lymph nodes
Thymus
Hemolysis
Rupture of RBC releases hemoglobin
Erythropoiesis
Red marrow
Increase erythropoiesis results in hyperplasia of RBC stem cells
Reticulocytes
Mature after 1 day
Anemia freq in men and women
4% men
8% women
Types of anemia
Blood loss
Increase RBC destruction
Decrease RBC production
Hypoxia stimulates release of ____ which affects what organ
EPO
Renal fibroblasts
Signs of anemia
Pallor Fatigue Weakness Cachexia Osseous abnormalities
Signs of hemolytic anemia
Jaundice
Gallstones
GI or gynecological issues that increase blood loss to external environment result in
Hemorrhagic anemia
RBC appearance in anemia of blood loss
Normocytic
Normochromic
3 days into anemia of blood loss, ___ is observed
Hemodilution
7 days after anemia of blood loss, ___ observed
Reticulocytosis
Major concern with anemia of blood loss
Hypovolemic shock
In hemolytic anemia, iron is ___ and ___
Retained
Recycled
Hemolytic anemia stimulates
Extramedullary hematopoiesis
2 mains reasons for hemolytic anemia
Intracorpuscular defects
Extracorpuscular defects
Intracorpuscular defects are
Hereditary
Extracorpuscular defects are
Acquired
Intravascular hemolysis results in
Hemoglobinuria
Extravascular hemolysis results in
Hyperbilirubinemia
Jaundice
Gallstones
Splenomegaly
Gallstones aka
Cholelithiasis
Freq of gallstones
20% US adults
Most gallstones are ___
Asymptomatic
Biliary tree obstruction from gallstone can result in
Biliary colic (RUQ)
Cholecystitis refers Pain where
RUQ
R scapular region
Risks for gallstones
Age History Obesity Diabetes Hemolytic anemia Estrogen
General term for abnormal shaped RBCs
Poikilocyte
Irregularly shaped RBCs from hemolysis
Schistocyte
Teardrop shaped RBC
Dacroctye
7 hemolytic anemia
- Hereditary spherocytosis
- Sickle cell anemia
- Thalassemia
- Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
- Traumatic
- Malaria
Autosomal dominant membrane defect that results in spherocytes removed by spleen
Hereditary spherocytosis
Hereditary spherocytosis results in ___ anemia and ____
Mild
Extravascular hemolysis
Signs of hereditary spherocytosis
Splenomegaly
Jaundice
Gallstones
If someone with hereditary spherocytosis is infected with parvovirus B19…
Aplastic crisis
Treatment for hereditary spherocytosis
Partial splenectomy
Sickle cell anemia
Autosomal recessive
Beta-globin mutation
Heterozygous sickle cell trait
8% African Americans
Not affected
Homozygous sickle cell trait
Sickle cell anima
1 in 600 African Americans
Sickling occurs during ___, which can occur in
Stasis
Marrow and spleen
Infection
Dehydration
Sickle cell anemia common in areas of
Endemic malaria
Sickle cell anemia lethal due to
Acute chest syndrome
Stroke
Possible sites in body of congestion
Marrow (MC) Spleen Liver Kidneys Retina Brain Lungs Skin
H-shaped vertebra (aka Lincoln log vertebrae) characteristic of
Sickle cell anemia
10% of sickle cell anemia patients have
H shaped vertebra