Exam 2: Males Flashcards
Abnormal urethral orifice risk for
Risk for obstruction or UTI
Abnormal urethral orifice affects
1 in 300
Hypospadias
Ventral (MC)
Epispadias
Dorsal
Epispadias is less common but more
Severe
Epispadias is associated with
Bladder exstrophy
Smegma combined with poor hygiene can lead to
Inflammation
Pain
Infection
Phimosis
Inability to retract prepuce
Balanoposthitis
Prepuce inflammation
Balanitis
Glans penis inflammation
Paraphimosis
Entrapment behind coronal sulcus
Most penile neoplasms are
Squamous cell carcinoma
Risks for penile neoplasms
>40 yo Uncircumcised Smoking Poor hygiene HPV16 and 18 AIDS
Bowen disease
In situ SCC
Solitary
10% invasive
Invasive SCC
Gray Crusted Hardened Irregular boarders Raised or ulcerated
Prognosis of invasive SCC
Lymphatic Mets
<30% 5 year survival
Scrotum cancer is ___, but MC is
Rare
SCC
Hydrocele
Increase serous fluid in tunica vaginalis
MC cause of scrotal enlargement
Hydrocele
Chylocele
Increase in lymph, due to filariasis
Hematocele
Increase in blood
Carriers of W. Bancrofti
Flies
Mosquitoes
Arthropoda
Cryptorchidism
Failure of testicle to descend
MC idiopathic
MC position for cryptorchidism
High scrotal
Cryptorchidism can cause __ and __ by age 5 years old
Atrophy and sterility
___ is a 3-5X risk for testicular cancer
Cryptorchidism
Testicular atrophy can be from
Ischemia Trauma High estrogens Irradiation Chemo therapy
Inflammation of testis
Orchitis
Inflammation of epididymis
Epididymitis
MC unilateral
Diagnosis of cryptorchidism
1 year after birth
___ causes 20% of orchitis in adults
Mumps
Inflammation of testes and epididymis commonly begins as __ and spreads via
UTI
Vas deferens or lymphatics
Testicular torsion
Spermatic cord twisting, obstructing venous drainage
___ is urologic emergency
Testicular torsion
Testicular torsion MC in
Ages 12-18
Bell-clapper deformity
1/3 of testicular torsion ___, but some may need surgical repair if
Spontaneously resolve
Unresolved within 6 hours
Varicocele
Enlarged pampiniform venous plexus of scrotum
Testicular torsion is usually ___ and can lead to ischemia
Unilateral
Varicocele is considered a ___, which can indicate
Malignancy
Testicular or renal cell carcinoma
Testicular neoplasms MC cancer in what group
Males 15-35
Lethality of testicular ca
5% lethal
Risks for testicular ca
Family history
Cryptorchidism
Caucasians
Gonadal dysgenesis
Brother with testicular ca increases your risk by
8-10X
Cancer in contralateral testicle
10% of cases of cryptorchidism progress to
Testicular ca