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Systems Path 2 > Exam 1: GI Cont. > Flashcards

Exam 1: GI Cont. Flashcards

1
Q

MC stomach infection

A

H. Pylori

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2
Q

Normal stomach defenses

A

Bicarbonate
Mucus
Mucus blood flow
Epithelial regeneration

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3
Q

NSAIDs inhibit what secretion

A

Bicarbonate

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4
Q

Inflammation of gastric mucosa

A

Gastritis

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5
Q

Significant bleeding caused by acute gastritis

A

Acute erosive hemorrhagic gastritis

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6
Q

3 typical NSAIDs

A

Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Naproxen

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7
Q

Symptoms of acute gastritis

A 
Epigastric pain 
N + V
Anorexia 
Hematemesis 
Melena
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8
Q

Acute peptic ulceration aka

A

Stress-related mucosal Disease

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9
Q

Small shallow ulcerations MC in stomach and duodenum, with symptoms of N + V, coffee-ground hematemesis

A

Stress-relelated mucosal disease

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10
Q

Caused of acute peptic ulceration

A
  1. Severe physiologic stress
  2. High NSAID dose
  3. Intracranial disease
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11
Q

___ is rare in chronic gastritis

A

Hematemesis

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12
Q

Potential causes of chronic gastritis

A

H pylori

Increase age

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13
Q

Chronic gastritis can lead to

A

Peptic ulcer disease

Gastric adenocarcinoma

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14
Q

70-90% of all cases of chronic gastritis positive for ____

A

H pylori infection

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15
Q

Risks for developing H pylori gastritis

A

Poor childhood sanitation/ hygiene

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16
Q

Autoimmune gastritis involves antibodies against

A

Parietal cells and Intrinsic factor

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17
Q

Autoimmune gastritis MC in what population

A

> 60 yo

Females

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18
Q

Autoimmune gastritis can cause what form of anemia

A

Pernicious

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19
Q

2 types of ca H pylori gastritis can cause

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma

MALT lymphoma

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20
Q

Autoimmune gastritis complicates ___

A

Erythropoiesis

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21
Q

Solitary “punched out” ulceration with pin point pain indicative of

A

PUD

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22
Q

PUD MC in what locations

A

Proximal duodenum

Gastric antrum

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23
Q

PUD contain what tissue

A

Granulation

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24
Q

Freq of PUD in population

A

10% males

4% females

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25
Q

Risks for PUD

A

H pylori
NSAIDs
Smoking
Alcohol

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26
Q

5-10% of everyone with H pylori will develop

A

PUD

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27
Q

Symptoms of PUD

A

N/V
Bloating
Cachexia
Epigastric pain (1-3 hrs postprandial)

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28
Q

Shared features of gastric and duodenal ulcers

A

Eating influences pain
Relieved by alkaline substances
Worse at night

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29
Q

Duodenal ulcers classic presentation

A

Postprandial relief (dairy)

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30
Q

Gastric ulcer classic presentation

A

Worse postprandial

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31
Q

Risk for gastric polyps

A

Chronic gastritis

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32
Q

___ makes up 75% of gastric polyps

A

Inflammatory and hyperplastic Polyps

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33
Q

___ makes up 15% of gastric polyps

A

Fundic gland polyp

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34
Q

___ makes up 10% of gastric polyps

A

Gastric adenomas

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35
Q

Gastric adenomas MC in __

A

Males (older age)

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36
Q

1/3 of gastric adenomas transition to

A

Adenocarcinomas

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37
Q

90% stomach cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

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38
Q

10% stomach cancer

A

Lymphomas and carcinoid tumors

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39
Q

Stomach cancer MC ___ age ___, and ___ ethnicity

A

Males
55
Japanese

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40
Q

Advanced symptoms of stomach cancer

A 
Gastritis 
Altered bowels 
Nausea
Anorexia 
Weight loss
Hemorrhage
Anemia
41
Q

Hypertrophy/ narrowing of pyloric sphincter

A

Pyloric stenosis

42
Q

Freq of pyloric stenosis

A

1 in 400 births

43
Q

Risks for pyloric stenosis

A

History
Caucasian
Males
Turner syndrome

44
Q

Symptoms of pyloric stenosis

A

Hyperperistalsis
Projectile vomiting w/o bile
Dehydration
Irritable

45
Q

Small and large intestine disorders commonly causes ___ and ___

A

Malabsorption and diarrhea

46
Q

Intestinal obstructions MC in ____

A

Small intestine

47
Q

4 common mechanical obstructions in intestine

A

Hernia
Adhesion
Intussusception
Volvulus

48
Q

Hernia

A

Abdominal wall defect

Allows segment of intestine to protrude

49
Q

Adhesion

A

Chronic inflammation due to adherent segments

50
Q

Intussusception

A

Proximal segment telescopes into distal segment

Infants

Frank blood

51
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisting loop of bowel

Frank blood

52
Q

MC GI vascular disorder

A

Hemorrhoids

5% adults

53
Q

Dilated hemorrhoidal venous plexus risks

A

> 50 yo

Pregnancy

Constipation

Liver cirrhosis

54
Q

Internal hemorrhoids

A

Above anorectal line

55
Q

External hemorrhoids

A

Below anorectal line

56
Q

Recurrence of hemorrhoids is

A

5-50%

57
Q

Vascular lesion MC in cecum or ascending colon

A

Angiodysplasia

58
Q

20% of lower intestinal bleeds

A

Angiodysplasia

59
Q

Ischemic bowel disease can occur due to occlusion of which arteries

A

Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric
Celiac

60
Q

Chronic ischemic bowel disease

A

Mimics IBD

61
Q

Acute ischemic bowel disease

A

Severe abdominal pain

N and V

62
Q

Acute ischemic bowel disease is a risk for ___ and prognosis is ___

A

Septic or hypovolemic shock

50% mortality

63
Q

malabsorption conditions in US due to

A

Celiac
Crohn’s
Pancreatic insufficiency

64
Q

Chronic diarrhea decreases absorption of which nutrients

A 
Fats 
Carbs
Proteins 
Vit ADEK
Minerals
Electrolytes
Water
65
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Excessive fat in feces

Frothy, greasy, yellow

66
Q

Dysentery

A

Bloody diarrhea following infection

67
Q

Features of malabsorption

A 
Weight loss
Muscle wasting
Flatulence
Anorexia
Abnormal distention
68
Q

Consequences of malabsorption

A 
Iron deficiency anemia 
Osteopenia 
Tetany (low calcium)
Amenorrhea
Infertility 
Neuropathies (low Vit b12)
69
Q

Immune mediated reaction to gliadin

A

Celiac disease

70
Q

In celiacs, lymphocytes cause _____ primarily in duodenum and jejunum

A

Villous atrophy

71
Q

Genes associated with celiacs

A

HLA DQ2

HLA DQ8

72
Q

Gluten can be broken down into

A

Gliadin

Glutenin

73
Q

Congenital outpouching of SI

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

74
Q

Characteristics of Meckel’s

A

2 in long
2% pop
2X risk males
2% asymptomatic

75
Q

MC cause of acute abdomen

A

Acute appendicitis

76
Q

Freq of acute appendicitis

A

7% US population

77
Q

Early symptoms of acute appendicitis

A

Periumbilical/ epigastric discomfort

78
Q

Late signs of acute appendicitis

A

RLQ

Deep, sharp, constant pain

79
Q

Leukocytosis is characteristic of

A

Acute appendicitis

80
Q

Acute appendicitis MC in

A

Adolescents
Young adults
Males

81
Q

Common cause of acute appendicitis

A

Obstruction

82
Q

MC tumor of appendix

A

Carcinoid

83
Q

MC form of gastric Ca

A

Adenocarcinoma

84
Q

Sigmoid diverticulitis risks

A

Age (50% >60 yo)

Low fiber

85
Q

Tenesmus is ___ and is common in ____

A

Sensation of inadequate bowel movements

Sigmoid diverticulitis

86
Q

Celiac freq

A

1% US and Europe

Age 30-60

87
Q

Untreated celiacs can increase risk of

A

Intestinal adenocarcinoma

88
Q

Diagnosis of celiac

A

Duodenal biopsy

IgA tissue transglutaminase

IgG deaminated gliadin

89
Q

Additional tests that can be performed for celiacs

A

DEXA

Nutritional tests

90
Q

Celiac disease manifesting on skin

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

91
Q

10% of celiac patients develop ___, which appear as ____

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

Itchy 
Small blisters (arms, elbows, legs, buttocks)
92
Q

Environmental enteropathy aka

A

Tropical sprue

93
Q

Tropical sprue common in

A

Children 2-3 yo

Tropics

94
Q

Environmental enteropathy includes cycles of

A

Mucosal injury
Malnutrition
Inflammation

95
Q

Hypotheses for tropical sprue

A

Autoimmune causing villus flattening

+

Infectious component

96
Q

MC form of lactose intolerance

A

Acquired

97
Q

Lactose intolerance is rarely congenital, which is due to ___

A

Autosomal recessive disorder

98
Q

Diagnosis for lactose intolerance

A

Breath hydrogen test

Systems Path 2 (11 decks)

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