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Systems Path 2 > Exam 1: GI Final > Flashcards

Exam 1: GI Final Flashcards

1
Q

Infectious Enterocolitis

A

Microbial infections causing inflammation and diarrhea

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2
Q

Major global health problem causing large amounts of child and infant deaths

A

Infectious Enterocolitis

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3
Q

Vomiting and rice water diarrhea, which can lead to hypovolemic shock

A

Cholera

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4
Q

Gram - bacteria, comma-shaped

A

Vibrio cholerae

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5
Q

Cholera toxin opens…

A

CFTR

Massive Cl ion secretion

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6
Q

Cholera transmission

A

Fecal oral (contaminated water)

India and Africa

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7
Q

70% cases lethal, MC in 24 hrs

A

Cholera

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8
Q

Traveler’s diarrhea MC due to what organism

A

E. coli

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9
Q

> 3 unformed or loose stools in 24 hrs , usual recover within few days

A

Traveler’s diarrhea

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10
Q

Transmission of traveler’s diarrhea

A

Fecal oral (contaminated water)

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11
Q

Other microbes that can cause traveler’s diarrhea

A 
Shigella
C. Jejuni 
Salmonella 
Entamoeba histolytica
Norwalk virus
Rotavirus
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12
Q

MC bacterial enteric pathogen in US

A

Campylobacter Enterocolitis

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13
Q

Transmission of c. Jejuni

A

Contaminated chicken
Water
Milk

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14
Q

C jejuni enterotoxins may cause ___ and ___

A

Dysentery and fever

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15
Q

Campylobacter enterocolitis may initiate

A

Reactive arthritis or GBS

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16
Q

Acute self-limited colitis

A

Camp. Jejuni
Shigella
E. coli
Salmonella

Last <1 month

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17
Q

If acute self limited colitis caused by camp jejuni…

A

Neutrophils congregate

Crypt abscess

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18
Q

If acute self-limited colitis caused by E. coli

A

Neutrophils congregate

Normal crypt architecture

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19
Q

Salmonella can be found on what animals

A

Snakes
Lizards
Salamanders

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20
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis aka

A

Antibiotic associated colitis

C-diff colitis

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21
Q

C diff enterotoxins cause

A

Inflammation

Necrosis

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22
Q

Risks for pseudomembranous colitis

A

Antibiotics

Old age

Lowered immunity

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23
Q

Pseudomembranes in c diff composed of

A

Cellular debris

WBCs

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24
Q

Half of all gastroenteritis

A

Viral gastroenteritis

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25
Q

Viral gastroenteritis in children 6 months -2 yrs is caused by

A

Rotavirus

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26
Q

Viral gastroenteritis in adults caused by

A

Norovirus

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27
Q

Viral gastroenteritis can affect either __ or ___

A

Stomach or SI

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28
Q

Parasitic disease affects ____ of world’s population

A

> half

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29
Q

Parasitic diseases include what organisms

A 
Nematodes
Hookworms
Pinworms
Tapeworms
Protozoa
30
Q

Giardia lamblia

A

Flagellated protozoan resistant to cold and chlorine

31
Q

Giardiasis

A

Aka beaver fever

Malabsorptive diarrhea
Anorexia
Cramps

32
Q

___ alters SI enzymes

A

Giardia

33
Q

Fecal oral transmission with 1-2 week latency

A

Giardia

34
Q

Altered bowel habits with no inflammation and no cellular abnormalities

A

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

35
Q

10-20% population, MC between 20-40 yo and in females

A

IBS

36
Q

Treatment for IBS

A

Fiber
Low carbs
Stress management

37
Q

Abnormal GI immune response that is chronic anal relapsing

A

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

38
Q

IBD common in

A

Females
Adolescence
Caucasians

39
Q

IBC includes what 2 Diseases

A

Crohn’s disease

Ulcerative colitis (UC)

40
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Entire GI tract, MC ileum

Transmural

41
Q

UC

A

Rectum and distal colon

Mucosa and submucosa

42
Q

Crohn’s disease freq

A

1 in 500

43
Q

Crohn’s is a risk for

A

GI adenocarcinoma

44
Q

Signs of crohn’s

A 
Melena (50%)
Skin reaction, arthritis, eye irritation 
Skip lesions, granulomas, ulcerations 
Mild diarrhea 
Fever
Abdominal pain
45
Q

Regional inflammation and fissures caused by T cell-mediated reaction

A

Crohn’s

46
Q

Superficial inflammation and mucosal ulcerations that always begin in rectum

A

UC

47
Q

Pseudomembranes and no granulomas or skip lesions characteristic of

A

UC

48
Q

UC freq

A

1 in 5,000

15-25 yo

49
Q

UC is associated with

A

Toxic megacolon

50
Q

Stringy stool, grossly bloody and mucous

A

UC

51
Q

UC is a risk for

A

Adenocarcinoma

52
Q

IBS is a diagnosis of ___

A

Exclusion

53
Q

Hamartoma

A

Mature cell type

Minimal risk

54
Q

MC colon polyp

A

Adenomas

55
Q

Age-related benign tumor, usually around age 40

A

Colonic adenomas

56
Q

1/2 of US adults over 50 have

A

Colonic adenomas

57
Q

Regarding adenomas, cancer is rare if ___

A

<1 cm

58
Q

Familial adenomatous polyposis

A

Autosomal dominant cancer syndrome

APC gene on chromosome 5

59
Q

Teenaged onset of numerous adenomas, colon cancer developing before age 30 describes

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis

60
Q

Lynch Syndrome

A

Hereditary cancer syndrome

Inherited mutations alter DNA mismatch repair

Risk for cancer at younger onset

61
Q

5% of US population develop

A

Colorectal Ca

62
Q

Types of colon tumors

A

Adenocarcinomas (MC)

Carcinoid tumors

63
Q

MC malignancy of GI tract

A

Colorectal adenocarcinoma

64
Q

Colorectal adenocarcinoma MC between ages

A

50-70

65
Q

Risks for colorectal adenocarcinoma

A 
Age
Males 
IBD
Developed nations 
Highly processed diet
66
Q

Colorectal adenocarcinoma commonly Mets to

A

Liver
Regional lymphatics
Lungs
Marrow

67
Q

SI ca, half are ___ half are ___

A

Adenocarcinomas

Carcinoid

68
Q

SI ca MC in

A

Duodenum

69
Q

SI ca is ___

A

Rare

70
Q

Hirschsprung Disease aka

A

Congenital aganglionic megacolon

71
Q

Hirschsprung disease

A

Lack of neurologic ganglia in rectum due to defective neural crest cell migration

Results in bowel obstruction due to lack of peristalsis

72
Q

Diagnosis for hirschsprung disease

A

Failure to pass meconium within 48 hours

Systems Path 2 (11 decks)

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