Exam 2: Female Cont.

Question 1

MC fibrocystic changes

Answer 1

Non-proliferative

Question 2

Non-proliferative fibrocystic changes

Answer 2

Ducts dilated
Cysts multiple/ bilateral
Fibrotic and calcific densities

Question 3

Proliferative fibrocystic changes

Answer 3

Ductal epithelial hyperplasia

Extra layer of cells in ducts/lobules

Question 4

Mild proliferative fibrocystic changes

Answer 4

Orderly hyperplasia

Question 5

Atypical fibrocystic changes

Answer 5

Dysplasia hyperplasia

5X Breast cancer risk

Question 6

3 inflammatory breast lesions

Answer 6

Fat necrosis
Acute mastitis
Mammary duct ectasia

Question 7

Fat necrosis

Answer 7

Small, chalky white mass

Question 8

Acute mastitis

Answer 8

MC due to S aureus
Early nursing

Painful, possible abscess

Question 9

Mammary duct ectasia

Answer 9

Chronic non bacterial inflammation

Mass, possible nipple retraction

Question 10

Mammary duct ectasia MC in ages ___ due to ___

Answer 10

40-60

Ductal dehydration

Question 11

Signs of mammary duct ectasia

Answer 11

Edema
Tenderness
Nipple retraction
Discharge

Question 12

2 mixed tumors of breast

Answer 12

Fibroadenoma

Phyllodes Tumor

Question 13

Fibroadenoma

Answer 13

Solitary, firm, mobile

Benign

Question 14

MC breast tumor, occurring in what ages

Answer 14

Fibroadenoma

Ages 20-30

Question 15

Phyllodes tumor

Answer 15

85% benign
Rapid growth
Leaf-like appearance

Question 16

T/F estrogens speed growth of cells in Breast tissue

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Breast cancer 20% lethal and affects what ages

Answer 17

5% before 40

75% >50

Question 18

Risks for breast cancer

Answer 18

Caucasian 
History 
Nulliparous 
High estrogen 
BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations 
Obesity 
High fat diet
Alcohol
Smoking

Question 19

If breast cancer has NOT penetrated BM

Answer 19

In situ

Question 20

If breast ca has penetrated BM

Answer 20

Invasive/ infiltrating

Question 21

MC Breast cancer

Answer 21

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)

Question 22

DCIS

Answer 22

Very small mixed cell

Calcification

Necrosis

Question 23

DCIS has ___ prognosis

Answer 23

Great (97% survival)

Question 24

DCIS extended up lactiferous duct, near areola

Answer 24

Paget disease of nipple

Question 25

Paget disease of nipple can represent up to ___ of all breast ca

Answer 25

4%

Question 26

Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)

Answer 26

Uniform cells Mucin vacuoles Rarely calcific

Question 27

Invasive carcinoma

Answer 27

Invades and adheres to pectorals Lymphatic Mets (peau d’orange, nipple inversion, lymphedema)

Question 28

3 types of invasive breast cancers

Answer 28

Invasive ductal carcinoma Invasive lobular carcinoma Triple-negative breast cancers

Question 29

Invasive ductal carcinoma

Answer 29

From DCIS 80% all breast CA Heterogenous cells, irregular boarders Firm and palpable

Question 30

Invasive lobular carcinoma

Answer 30

From LCIS Multiple masses Aggressive

Question 31

MC places for invasive lobular carcinoma to Mets to

Answer 31

``` GI Ovaries Uterus CSF Marrow ```

Question 32

Triple negative breast cancers

Answer 32

Lack 3 main receptors | Linked to mutations in BRCA1/2

Question 33

15% of Breast cancer is

Answer 33

Triple negative

Question 34

Gynecomastia

Answer 34

Enlarged male breast tissue, non cancerous High estrogens 70% occur around puberty

Question 35

Male breast cancer

Answer 35

Rapidly invades thorax MC elderly, 50% Mets at diagnosis

Question 36

Signs of gynecomastia

Answer 36

Sub areola swelling “button-like” Lots of CT Ductal hyperplasia

Question 37

30% of all breast cancer has what gene amplification

Answer 37

HER2