Exam 2: Female Cont. Flashcards
MC fibrocystic changes
Non-proliferative
Non-proliferative fibrocystic changes
Ducts dilated
Cysts multiple/ bilateral
Fibrotic and calcific densities
Proliferative fibrocystic changes
Ductal epithelial hyperplasia
Extra layer of cells in ducts/lobules
Mild proliferative fibrocystic changes
Orderly hyperplasia
Atypical fibrocystic changes
Dysplasia hyperplasia
5X Breast cancer risk
3 inflammatory breast lesions
Fat necrosis
Acute mastitis
Mammary duct ectasia
Fat necrosis
Small, chalky white mass
Acute mastitis
MC due to S aureus
Early nursing
Painful, possible abscess
Mammary duct ectasia
Chronic non bacterial inflammation
Mass, possible nipple retraction
Mammary duct ectasia MC in ages ___ due to ___
40-60
Ductal dehydration
Signs of mammary duct ectasia
Edema
Tenderness
Nipple retraction
Discharge
2 mixed tumors of breast
Fibroadenoma
Phyllodes Tumor
Fibroadenoma
Solitary, firm, mobile
Benign
MC breast tumor, occurring in what ages
Fibroadenoma
Ages 20-30
Phyllodes tumor
85% benign
Rapid growth
Leaf-like appearance
T/F estrogens speed growth of cells in Breast tissue
True
Breast cancer 20% lethal and affects what ages
5% before 40
75% >50
Risks for breast cancer
Caucasian History Nulliparous High estrogen BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations Obesity High fat diet Alcohol Smoking
If breast cancer has NOT penetrated BM
In situ
If breast ca has penetrated BM
Invasive/ infiltrating
MC Breast cancer
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
DCIS
Very small mixed cell
Calcification
Necrosis
DCIS has ___ prognosis
Great (97% survival)
DCIS extended up lactiferous duct, near areola
Paget disease of nipple
Paget disease of nipple can represent up to ___ of all breast ca
4%
Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
Uniform cells
Mucin vacuoles
Rarely calcific
Invasive carcinoma
Invades and adheres to pectorals
Lymphatic Mets (peau d’orange, nipple inversion, lymphedema)
3 types of invasive breast cancers
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Invasive lobular carcinoma
Triple-negative breast cancers
Invasive ductal carcinoma
From DCIS
80% all breast CA
Heterogenous cells, irregular boarders
Firm and palpable
Invasive lobular carcinoma
From LCIS
Multiple masses
Aggressive
MC places for invasive lobular carcinoma to Mets to
GI Ovaries Uterus CSF Marrow
Triple negative breast cancers
Lack 3 main receptors
Linked to mutations in BRCA1/2
15% of Breast cancer is
Triple negative
Gynecomastia
Enlarged male breast tissue, non cancerous
High estrogens
70% occur around puberty
Male breast cancer
Rapidly invades thorax
MC elderly, 50% Mets at diagnosis
Signs of gynecomastia
Sub areola swelling “button-like”
Lots of CT
Ductal hyperplasia
30% of all breast cancer has what gene amplification
HER2
