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Final Flashcards

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1
Q

economy where government officials make all basic economic decisions

A

command economy

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2
Q

Kamikazes

A

Japanese suicide pilots who loaded their planes with explosives and crashed them into American ships. Demonstrated the Japanese mindset of never surrendering.

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3
Q

council of workers and soldiers set up by the Russian revolutionaries

A

soviet

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4
Q

why britain and france declared war

A

Hitler attacked and invaded Poland.

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5
Q

how did technology contribute to the destructiveness of the war?

A
  • airplanes were used for scouting and to support the groud forces
  • armored tanks appeared on the battlefield
  • machine guns, deadly gases and heavy artillery raised the death toll
  • zeppelins
  • chemical gases
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6
Q

An organization under the Soviet regime for the investigation of counter-revolutionary activities. It executed many real and alleged enemies of Lenin’s regime from its formation in 1917 until 1922, when it was replaced by the OGPU.

A

cheka

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7
Q

promises made by Hitler

A
  • Hitler promised prosperity and changed his polices in order to gain even more support and to gain support of people who were desperate.
  • Arbeit und Brot (work and bread ; main promise)
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8
Q

reasons for US and USSR competition

A
  • ‘arms race’
  • to build up their respective armed forces and weapons
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9
Q

what were the costs of WWI (money and lives)?

A
  • 8.5 million people worldwide were dead
  • 19 million people wounded
  • $33 billion in repreparations for germany
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10
Q

Soviet leader after Khrushchev who started a policy of detente with the US

A

leonid brezhnev

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11
Q

position of US

A

isolated at first

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12
Q

V-E Day

A

March 1943-Russian army crosses the German border
US and Russian forces meet on the Elbe River
Hitler commits suicide after the Soviet Army surrounded Berlin
Victory in Europe Day- May 7, 1945, Germany surrenders

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13
Q

why fascism was appealing

A

The fascists promised to make a strong government- this was attractive for the public after a long period of instability.

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14
Q

archduke of austria who’s assassination started WWI

A

Francis Ferdinand

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15
Q

causes of international tensions in 1900s

A

nationalism

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16
Q

what was the reasons for civil war in yugoslavia

A
  • they had many different ethnic groups that did not get along
  • ‘ethnic cleansing’ where serbs killed many people
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17
Q

treaty about Germany and Russia that ended the fighting on the Eastern front, taking Russia out of the war

A

Brest-Litovsk Treaty

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18
Q

mein kampf

A
  • extreme German nationalism, strong anti-Semitism, and anticommunism are linked together by a Social Darwinian theory of struggle
  • emphasizes the right of superior nations to lebensraum through expansion
  • upholds the right of superior individuals to gain authoritarian leadership over the masses
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19
Q

what were the 4 main causes of WWI?

A

Alliances
Imperialism
Militarism
Nationalism

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20
Q

to divide

A

partition

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21
Q

lenin’s ecomonic plan

A
  • wanted to end civil war -
  • started rebuilding state and economy -
  • didn’t want to do war communism -
  • small businesses allowed to open for profit -
  • stopped taking grain from peasants -
  • goal to improve standard of living - c
  • ontrolled money, transportation, foreign and communication -
  • brought rapid economic recovery
  • industries and agriculture prospered
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22
Q

Marshall Plan

A

USA helped rebuild Europe by giving them money. This would increase foreign trade and prevent communism.

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23
Q

responses by league to italy and japan’s aggressiveness

A

Western domocracies took little action to stop Italian, Japanese, and German aggression. The League of Nations protested the Japanese army seizing of machuria in north eastern china but took no action. The league respomded weekly when Mussolini invaded Ethiopia because Britain and Frace were weary of war and caught up in their own economic crisis.

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24
Q

what persuaded britain to partition the subcontinent of pakistan

A

rioting between the hindus and muslims

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25
Q

why did the cold war end?

A

The Cold War ended because there was peace made with the US and Russia and because the USSR collapsed

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26
Q

form of government where one party dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizens

A

totalitarian state

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27
Q

Stalin

A
  • turned soviet union into a modern industrial power, goal was to create an industrial giant, forced peasants to give up private lands and to live on either state owned farms or collectives
  • early goal was to create an industrial giant - strick command economy
  • ruthless soviet leader who industrialized soviet union
  • five year plan turn soviet union into modern industrial power - brought all economy activities under govt control - soviet union developed command economy - oil, coal, and steel production grew - govt owned all businesses - forced peasants to give up land - standard of living was very poor
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28
Q

effect of cold war in europe

A
  • iron curtain
  • berlin blockade
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29
Q

Lenin

A
  • new economic plan and its effects -
    • wanted to end civil war -
    • started rebuilding state and economy -
    • didn’t want to do war communism -
    • small businesses allowed to open for profit -
    • stopped taking grain from peasants -
    • goal to improve standard of living -
    • controlled money, transportation, foreign and communication -
    • brought rapid economic recovery,
    • industries and agriculture prospered
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30
Q

conditions and terms of the treaty of versailles?

A
  • had more negative effects than positive
  • germany was forced to pay over $30 billion in reparations putting them into a deep depression
  • japan and russia felt resentment toward allies
  • russia started a communist party
  • germany had to take full responsibility for the war
  • germany had to reduce its weapons and size of its army
  • germany ahd to give up territory
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31
Q

how are fascism and communism similiar

A
  • disregards for individual rights
  • one party
  • strong nationalistic feelings
32
Q

soviet bloc countries

A
  • east germany
  • soviet union
  • czechoslovakia
  • bulgaria
  • albania
  • hungary
  • romania
33
Q

which of the following was a problem caused by communism in the soviet union?

  • low output of goods
  • high rent
  • overabundant food crops
  • lack of health care
A

low output of goods

34
Q

what city in vietnam fell in 1975 to end the war?

A

saigon

35
Q

Holocaust

A

The systematic mass slaughter of Jews and other groups judged inferior by the Nazis

36
Q

restructuring of the soviet government and economy in the 1980s

A

perestroika

37
Q

saigon fell to ______

A

vietnamese

38
Q

'’dirty” in India

A

untouchables

39
Q
  • Soviet leader from 1955- 1964; had the policy of “de-stalinization”; wanted a “peaceful coexistence” with the west; warsaw pact; sputnik; Berlin wall built; U-2 spy plan, Cuban Missile crisis
  • leader of Russia during the Cuban Missile Crisis
A

Nikita Khrushchev

40
Q

what were the effects of the treaty of versailles?

A
  • alsace and lorraine was returned to france
  • poland became an independent country
  • austria-hungary was split up and yugoslavia was created
  • finland, lithuania, latvia and czechoslovakia were made independent
  • all german and turkish colonies were taken away and put under allied control
  • japan asked allies to give them land in china but they said no
41
Q

Hiroshima & Nagasaki

A

Hiroshima- August 6, 1945 Nagasaki-August 9, 1945. These two events are the only active deployments of nuclear weapons in war to date. For six months, the United States had made use of intense strategic fire-bombing of 67 Japanese cities. US clued for surrender of Japan in the Potsdam Declaration on July 26, 1945. The Japanese government ignored this ultimatum. By executive order of President Harry S. Truman, the U.S. dropped the nuclear weapon “Little Boy” on the city of Hiroshima on Monday, August 6, 1945, followed by the detonation of “Fat Man” over Nagasaki on August 9. This made Japan surrender from the war.

42
Q

causes of the korean war

A
  • japanese occupation
  • korean nationalism
  • communism vs. capitalism
  • division of korea
  • ambitions of kim and rhee
  • north korea’s invasion of the south
43
Q

why did british declare war during WWI?

A
  • because germany attacked belgium
44
Q

what was the one way yeltsin tried to resolve russia’s economic problems in the 1990s

  • by refusing western aid
  • by privatizing most state run industries
  • by removing gorbachev from office
  • by ending glasnost
A

by privatizing most state run industries

45
Q

glorification of the military

A

militarism

46
Q

peace,land and bread

A

lenin’s promise for Russia

47
Q

Warsaw pact

A

The Warsaw fact was a military alliance between all of the communist east European countries, headed by the Soviet Union in 1955.
It was designed as a response to NATO. Members were to support each other if attacked.

48
Q

spreading of ideas to promote a certain cause or to damage an opposing cause

A

propaganda

49
Q

why did wwi start?

A
  • austrian archduke ferdinand was assassinated
  • a local conflict became an international war because of alliance obligations
  • Serbia and Austria quickly moved toward war
  • Austria issued an ultimatum to Serbia
  • Serbia agreed to most of Austria’s demands, not all
  • On July 28, 1914, Austria declared war on Serbia
50
Q

minority ethnic group in india/pakistan who faced persecution

A

kurds

51
Q

why was the berlin wall built?

A

to prevent East Germans from escaping to democrate West Berlin and to keep East and West Berlin seperated

52
Q

to make country modern industrialist

turn soviet union into modern industrial power - brought all economy activities under govt control - soviet union developed command economy - oil, coal, and steel production grew - govt owned all businesses - forced peasants to give up land - standard of living was very poor

A

stalins goal of a leader

five year plan?

53
Q

belief that if one nation fell to communism, neighboring nations would also fall, like a row of falling dominoes

A

domino theory

54
Q

reason Hitler signed non-aggression pact with Russia

A

This was the surprise move by Hitler to secure his Eastern front, giving him the green light to march on Poland, and after that, his march on the Western Democracies. Though Hitler and Stalin were foes, Stalin hoped that Germany and the Western Democracies would kill each other off, leaving him the ruler of Europe. At long last Britain and France realized the folly of appeasement. Roosevelt promptly issued Neutrality proclamations including the Cash-and-Carry system. With this pact, World War II was only hours away.

55
Q

Third Reich

A

a 1930’s government started by Hitler

56
Q

what were the causes of international tensions before WWI

A
  • Economic Rivalries
  • battle for land
  • allies relationships.
57
Q

results of Great Purge

A
  • increase stalin’s power
58
Q

Youth in Italy taught

A

militarism

59
Q

reasons for Japan’s interest in Manchuria

A

resources, imperial goals

60
Q

policy of openness instituted by soviet leader mikhail gorbachev in the 1980s

A

glasnost

61
Q

illiterate peasant and self proclaimed, influenced by alexandra, killed by people who feared the monarchy, killed on December 29, 1916

A

Rasputin

62
Q

The secret military police in Nazi Germany. They were involved in the destruction on Kristallnacht.

A

Gestapo

63
Q

relied on secret police, last of romanov family, left throne in WWI, abdicated in 1917

A

nicholas II

64
Q

what was the intention of the alliances in wwi

A

To protect each other and increase military strength

65
Q

an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security

A

united nations

  • set up at the end of WWII
  • settled disputes
66
Q

Last leader of USSR. Eases up on restrictions. Makes reforms “glasnost” and “perestroika” to fix internal weaknesses. wanted reforms to shift from planned econ. to market econ. , change from one party to multi party state, change from Russian dominate empire to equal republics, faced huge problems. in foreign affairs cut defense budgets and promotes democratization of E. European nations. wins nobel peace prize for helping end communism (was not his goal at all and did not expect it to happen)

A

mikhail gorbachev

67
Q

caused by stalin’s fear - he used terror, propaganda, censorship and religious persecution to become the totalitarian leader of russia - bolsheviks charged with many crimes - bolsheviks sent to labor camps - many executed - more than 4 million deaths

A

The Great Purge

68
Q

blitzkrieg

A

German term meaning “lightning war”, used to describe Germany’s novel military tactics in World War II, which involved the rapid movement of infantry, tanks, and airpower over large areas

69
Q

Night of Broken Glass, Nov 9 1938 night when the Nazis killed or injured many jews and destroyed many jewish propertys

A

Kristallnacht

70
Q

cambodian communist guerrillas who overthrew the government and unleashed a reign of terror in cambodia

A

khmer rouge

71
Q

italian political party under mussolini

A

fascist party

72
Q

what was the attraction of socialism

A

it appealed to the working class

73
Q

what were yeltsin’s solutions

A
  • privatized state run industries
  • collective farms
  • shock therapy
74
Q

problems after the fall of communism

A
  • yeltsin had trouble making economy better
  • economic problems led to political crisis
  • war in chechnya
75
Q

describe the economy of E. Germany

A

got aid from W. Germany

76
Q

what was the relationship between US and Vietnam in the 80s?

A

they were allies

World History (17 decks)

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