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World History > Cold War review > Flashcards

Cold War review Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain why the invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 worsened relations between the USA and the USSR

A
  • Some Americans thought it was the Soviets trying to win the Cold War.
  • Reagan supplied the Mujahideen with weapons including Stinger Missiles.
  • Strategic position of Afghanistan meant interests of both superpowers were threatened.
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2
Q

The Trials in which Senator McCarthey accused the U.S. Army of harboring possible communists.These trials were one of the first televised trials in America, and helped show America Senator McCarthy’s irresponsibility and meanness

A

Army-McCarthey hearings

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3
Q

what was the name for gorbachev’s policy calling for restructuring of government and the economy?

  • de-staliniation
  • glasnost
  • price setting
  • perestroika
A

perestroika

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4
Q

son of North Korean dictator Kim Jong Il, and his successor (current leader)

A

kim jong un

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5
Q

characteristics of global north

A

developing countries

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6
Q

organization that acts as security force

A

nato - north atlantic treaty organization

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7
Q

yugoslavian leader who set up a communist government and whose death began the breakup of the state

  • leonid brezhnev
  • alexander dubcek
  • josip tito
  • lech walsea
A

josip tito

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8
Q

khrushchev’s policy of freeing political prisoners and easing censorship

  • glasnost
  • de-stalinization
  • perestroika
  • censorship
A

de-stalinization

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9
Q

US president to lift Vietnamese embargo 1993

A

bill clinton

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10
Q

civil war that broke out in late 1990s

A

yugoslavia

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11
Q

imaginary wall that seperated communists and capitalist states

A

iron curtain

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12
Q

president during part of the cold war and the cuban missile crisis. he was the president who went on tv and told the public about the crisis and allowed the leader of the soviet uinon to withdraw their missiles. also during his terms was the building of the berlin wall and the space race , 1961-1963

A

John F Kennedy

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13
Q

trail used by VIET CONG DURING THE VIETNAM WAR

A

ho chi minh trail

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14
Q

ruled with n. korea until death

A

kim jong II (until 2000)

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15
Q

a thin band of territory across the Korean peninsula separating North Korean Forces from the South Korean Forces; established by the armistice of 1953

A

demilitarized zone in korea

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16
Q

democratically elected Russian leader that brought the Cold War to an end

A

boris yeltsin

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17
Q

what city in vietnam fell in 1975 to end the war?

A

saigon

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18
Q

social process of neutralizing the influence of Joseph Stalin by revising his policies and removing monuments dedicated to him and renaming places named in his honor

A

de stalinization policy

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19
Q

this term was to describe soviet and east germany economy during 70s

A

stagination

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20
Q

what nations made up the former yugoslavia?

A
  • Slovenia
  • Croatia
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Montenegro
  • Republic of Macedonia
  • Serbia
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21
Q

during the war in sarajevo, _____ practiced ethnic cleansing

= communist party

  • serbian troops
  • terrified civilians
  • soviet troops
A

serbian troops

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22
Q

event that caused crisis of morale

A

afghan war

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23
Q

What is the role of the world bank in the world?

A

to make loans to countries for economic development, trade promotion, and debt consolidation. Its formal name is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. An agency of the United Nations.

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24
Q

what new challenges did west Germany face after reunification?

A
  • higher taxes
  • had new leaders
  • economic hardships and social disarray were made worse by dramatic rise in organized crime
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25
Q

largest group in yugoslavia

A

serbians

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26
Q

why did the cold war end?

A

The Cold War ended because there was peace made with the US and Russia and because the USSR collapsed

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27
Q

causes of the korean war

A
  • japanese occupation
  • korean nationalism
  • communism vs. capitalism
  • division of korea
  • ambitions of kim and rhee
  • north korea’s invasion of the south
28
Q

characteristics of global south

A

countries that are wealthy, democratic, and technologically innovative.

29
Q

son of Kim Il Sung, became ruler of North Korea after his father’s death. He developed nuclear weapons.

A

kim jong II

30
Q

who was the first elected russian president

A

boris yeltsin

31
Q

what were the causes of the cold war?

A

AMERICAN VIEW
-Stalin didn’t keep the agreements he had made with the Western Allies about holding free elections after the war in countries occupied by the Soviet Army.

-This scared the West, who believed that Stalin would try to take over the world by force - Communist ideology clearly stated Communism would inevitably take over the entire world eventually, by force if necessary

RUSSIAN VIEW
-The Americans didn’t tell Stalin about the Manhattan Project, the building of the A- bomb. After using A-bombs successfully against Japan, USA refused to share the technology with USSR.

-This scared the Russians, who thought USA may start a new war, against them, using A-bombs.

32
Q

saigon fell to ______

A

vietnamese

33
Q

leader of solidarity union in poland; eventually elected president of poland

  • lech walsea
  • imre nagy
  • josip tito
  • alexander dubcek
A

lech walsea

34
Q

What is the role of IMF in the world?

A

acts as a lender of last resort, providing loans to troubled nations, and also works to promote trade through financial cooperation

35
Q
  • Soviet leader from 1955- 1964; had the policy of “de-stalinization”; wanted a “peaceful coexistence” with the west; warsaw pact; sputnik; Berlin wall built; U-2 spy plan, Cuban Missile crisis
  • leader of Russia during the Cuban Missile Crisis
A

Nikita Khrushchev

36
Q

during cold war the main goal of politians in this country was to stop the spread of communism

A

united states

37
Q

why was the berlin wall built?

A

to prevent East Germans from escaping to democrate West Berlin and to keep East and West Berlin seperated

38
Q

Korean leader who became president of South Korea after World War II and led Korea during Korean War.

A

syngman rhee

39
Q

What were problems that Germany faced as a newly unified country?

A

Unmodernized railroads, highways, and telephones

40
Q

first freely elected president of russia in 2000

  • boris yeltsin
  • vladimir putin
  • dmitri medvedev
  • mikhail gorbachev
A

vladimir putin

41
Q

trail used by vietnamese during cold war

A

hoc trail

42
Q

city that fell to north vietnamese ending the war

A

saigon

43
Q

Last leader of USSR. Eases up on restrictions. Makes reforms “glasnost” and “perestroika” to fix internal weaknesses. wanted reforms to shift from planned econ. to market econ. , change from one party to multi party state, change from Russian dominate empire to equal republics, faced huge problems. in foreign affairs cut defense budgets and promotes democratization of E. European nations. wins nobel peace prize for helping end communism (was not his goal at all and did not expect it to happen)

A

mikhail gorbachev

44
Q
  • Reagan and Gorbachev
  • First major disarmament treaty (1987 - end of Reagan Administration)
  • Reduce number of weapons
  • “Value in Reducing Arms”
A

INF treaty

45
Q

Explain how the cold war was a catalyst for the conflicts in Korea, Vietnam, Cuba and Cambodia.

A
  • Korea - North Korea was communist and South Korea was a republic. The Soviet Union backed the North since they wanted communism to grow while the US helped the South to make democracy more wide spread. Both the US and Soviet Union wanted to win for political and economic reasons.
  • Vietnam - The Soviet Union was helping North Vietnam in order to spread communism and to gain more power. Since the US did not want this to happen they stepped in and helped the South. Many Americans did not want to be involved in this war but the government wanted to have more power and so they started the draft and sent many troops that died.
  • Cuba - The US felt that since cuba is so close to florida it should be similar to the US government. Castro overthrew the government and felt that the US interests in his country should not be allowed. the US did not like this so they did not allow goods to be brought into cuba and decided to attack. the US was shocked when they were defeated. the Soviet Union became one of cuba’s biggest supporters.
  • Cambodia - Cambodia was unfortunately brought into the war because the US bombed their country to try to defeat the Veit Cong troops that were located there.
46
Q

line that officially divides n & s korea at 35th parallel

A

DMZ demilitarized zone

47
Q

38th parallel

A

Latitudinal line that divided Communist North Korea and Democratic South Korea; established after the Korean War. The north surrendered to the Soviet Union and the south surrendered to the US. Twho nations developed as a result.

48
Q

what was gorbachev’s policy calling for openess in discussing the soviet union’s problems

  • de-stalinization
  • glasnost
  • command control
  • perestroika
A

glasnost

49
Q

how did the cold war end?

A
  1. In the late 1980’s Soviet Premier Mikhail Gorbachev initiated a series of Summit meeting s with President Ronald Reagan.
  2. Gorbachev’s reforms led many soviets citizens to demand more freedoms and an immediate move to capitalism.
  3. Throughout the late 80’s there eastern European nations had movements against their Communist governments. The Soviet Union did not stop them.
  4. Gorbachev and President Bush held a summit meeting at Malta and negotiated important reductions in intermediate range nuclear weapons.
  5. Late in 1989 there was a coup in the Soviet Union. Hard line soviet leaders held Gorbachev hostage. He was “rescued by Boris Yeltsin. The Berlin Wall came down and the Cold War was over.
  6. The Soviet Union broke up into many smaller ethnic nationalities. Some remained together in a loose confederation called the “Russian Confederation.” Boris Yeltsin became the Premier of Russia, a capitalist country with a more or less democratic form of government.
  7. The Soviet Union no longer existed and thus no longer controlled Eastern Europe. In 1990 West Germany and East Germany unified.
50
Q

solidarity leader who became the president of Poland after they swept away the elections

A

lech walsea

51
Q

what was the one way yeltsin tried to resolve russia’s economic problems in the 1990s

  • by refusing western aid
  • by privatizing most state run industries
  • by removing gorbachev from office
  • by ending glasnost
A

by privatizing most state run industries

52
Q

non communist leader of south korea

A

rhee

53
Q

first treaty to establish limits on the number of nuclear weapons held by the United States and the Soviet Union.

A

SALT treaty

54
Q

Mikhail Gorbachev resigned as president of the Soviet Union in December 1991 because…

A

the U.S.S.R. was dissolved in Dec 1991

55
Q

Soviet leader after Khrushchev who started a policy of detente with the US

A

leonid brezhnev

56
Q

which of the following was a problem caused by communism in the soviet union?

  • low output of goods
  • high rent
  • overabundant food crops
  • lack of health care
A

low output of goods

57
Q

what was the importance of the Ho Chi Minh trail?

A

provided the Vietminh a safe way to transfer supplies and arms to the Vietcong because the US could not attack the trail since it is mainly in Laos and Cambodia

58
Q

Yeltsin’s successor chosen in 2000 and then re-elected in 2004. He maintained free markets in the economic sphere but re-established semi-authoritarian political rule. Under his rule the Russian economy boomed, the middle class expanded rapidly, and he was supported by the Russian Parliament. protected Yeltsin and his family from prosecution for corruption

A

vladimir putin

59
Q

what does world bank organization do?

A

provide loans

60
Q

this was created to stop the east from fleeing to the west

A

berlin wall

61
Q

What was divided at the 38th parallel?

A

north and south korea

62
Q

united states used cuban rebels to topel the cuban government

A

bay of pigs

63
Q

US Attorney General from 1961-1964 under his brother JFK

A

robert kennedy

64
Q
  • Wisconsin senator who claimed to have list of communists in American government, but no credible evidence. he took advantage of fears of communism post WWII to become incredibly influential
  • senator who encouraged the red scare in the US
A

Joseph McCarthy

65
Q

why did problems in eastern europe specifially the balkan region, lead to war at the begining and end of the century

A
  • There were many different ethinic groups, cultures and religions in the Balkan region during the beginning and end of the century.
  • Many different nations made up this area and their location was very important to the European powers.
  • The region had a lot of violence and tensions were high from the different ethnic groups and nationalist people.
  • There were two wars here due to the Serbian groups seeking power and wanting an ethnic cleansing.
  • There was also a war towards the end of the century in Yugoslavia between the Serbs and Bosnian Muslims because the Serbs wanted to have another ethnic cleansing.
  • After this war, the country fell apart and became many different countries.

World History (17 decks)

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