chapter 17 review Flashcards
What were the key points of the English Bill of Rights?
- parliament must meet regularly
- house of commons given ‘power of purse’
- king or queen could not interfere with parliament debates or suspend laws
- banned roman catholics from sitting on the throne
- new rights guaranteed to citizens:
- trial by jury
- no excessive fines
- no cruel or unusual punishments
- habeas corpus
what were the reforms and accomplishments of catherine the great of russia?
- embraced french culture
- started state education
- gained the black sea (warm water ports)
- codified laws
describe france’s st bartholomew’s day massacre
- resulted from the religious war between the huguenots and the catholics
- huguenots and catholic nobles gathered ot celebrate a royal wedding
- 3000 huguenots were massacred
- in the next few days thousands more were killed
- it symbolized the complete breakdown of order in france
What was Peter the Great’s ‘Window to the West’?
St Petersburg
who was the first woman to rule hapsburg lands in her own name?
maria theresa
group who thought that poor men should have equal say in government with the upper class
levellers
supporters of charles I in the english civil war
cavaliers
what was the distribution of power that prevented any one nation from dominating europe?
balance of power
what was the reason for the english petition of right?
charles I ruled as a absolute monarch and parliament wanted to stop this
austrian rulers of the holy roman empire and the netherlands
hapsburgs
who was the english sea dog who famously pillaged spanish ships?
francis drake
what was the symbol of peter’s desire to forge a modern russia?
st petersburg
what were the outcomes of the english civil war?
- oliver cromwell became leader
- charles I was executed
- roundheads won the battle
- it became a republic
- the monarchy, the house of lords, and the official church of england were abolished
- parliament made the law that no ruler could claim absolute power
william and mary were required to accept the _____ before taking the throne
english bill of rights
what was the name of louis XIV’s elaborate palace he built for himself?
- buckingham palace
- st peter’s basilica
- palace of versailles
- chateau de louis
palace of versailles
what were the problems associated with the building of st. petersburg?
- it was built on swamps
- thousands of serfs died building it
who was philip II’s chief protestant rival and handed him his biggest defeat in the late 1500s?
- maria theresa of austria
- elizabeth I of england
- catherine the great of russia
- louis XIV of france
elizabeth I of england
who was the french actor-playwright moliere?
he wrote ‘The Miser’ and poked fun at French society
leader of the roundheads in the english civil war
- charles I
- elizabeth I
- oliver cromwell
- james I
oliver cromwell
what was the reason for king philip II of spain’s wars?
he wanted to advance the spanish catholic power
why did france’s st. bartholomew’s day massacre happen?
it happened because of the religious war between the Huguenots and the Catholics
what was the underlying reason for the wars fought by spain under philip II?
- to gain more territory
- to push back the protestant tide
- to boost the spanish economy
- to add spanish wealth
to push back the protestant tide
how did the expulsion of muslims and jews affect the spanish economy?
it deprived the economy of many skilled artisans and merchants
the ____ was fought in europe, india and north america
seven years war
what are the reasons the thirty years war shifted the balance of power in europe?
- there were so many powers involved in the conflict
- france was a clear winner
- hapsburg were big losers
- germany was divided into 360 states
what was cardinal richelieu’s goal?
to destroy the nobles and huguenots power
what was the proclamation that granted huguenots religious tolerance in france int he late 1500s but was repealed by louis XIV?
- edict of paris
- edict of worms
- edict of nantes
- edict of religion
edict of nantes
states that no person can be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime
- divine right
- dissenter
- absolute monarchy
- habeas corpus
habeas corpus
What were the causes of the Thirty Years War?
- religious war between the protestants (in the north) and catholics (in the south)
- protestants and catholics hated each other
- emperor had little power
- ferdinand wanted to abolish the protestants
- catholic and protestant rulers both wanted more power
which of the following was a failure of louis XIV?
- reigned only 22 years
- building the palace of versailles
- left france in great debt
- failed to change france’s culture
left france in great debt
compare absolute and limited monarchy
- absolute: ruler has complete authority
- limited: monarch’s power is limited by a constitution or legislative body
william and mary were required to accept the _____ before taking the throne
- levellers
- long parliament
- english bill of rights
- glorious revolution
english bill of rights
what did spain’s northern provinces become in 1581?
the dutch netherlands
by 1750, the great powers of europe had formed alliances to maintain what?
balance of power
what did the government accomplish under the rule of henry IV?
building the royal bureaucracy
who were the royal officials who carried out louis XIV’s policies in the provinces?
intendents
what was the name of the treaty that ended the thirty years war?
peace of westphalia
what was the name and location of king louis XIV of france’s grand palace?
Versailles located in Paris, France
supporters of charles I in the english civil war
- dissenters
- roundheads
- cavaliers
- levellers
cavaliers
Describe the English Civil War.
What were the two sides? What was the reason for war? Who were the leaders of each side?
- was a war between the cabaliers and the roundheads
- it was fought because of absolutism
- cavaliers:
- were wealthy nobles
- supporters of Charles I
- roundheads:
- forces of parliament
- leader was oliver cromwell
- defeated the cabaliers in a series of decisive battles
who was the leader of the roundheads inthe english civil war?
oliver cromwell
who was the sworn enemy of philip II
queen elizabeth I and the protestants
this ruler forced western technologies and social customs on the russian people
peter the great
who was the spanish painter el greco?
- name means ‘the greek’
- studied in renaissance italy
- produced haunting religious pictures, dramatic views of the city of toledo, and strikign portraits of spanish nobles
- used vibrant colors
what were the two causes of the thirty years war?
- religious
- political
what was the richest part of the spanish empire?
the netherlands
what were the reforms and accomplishments of peter the great of russia?
- strengthened the military
- expanded land in the War of Austrian Succession
- brought westernization to Russia
- built St Petersburg
- gained a warm water port in the baltic sea
- simplified ABC
- found antartica
what was the main goal of peter the great that was achieved by catherine the great?
wante dot have warm water ports to be able to trade by sea
what is the meaning of balance of power?
- distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong
- not one nation in europe is more powerful and doesn’t have more control than the other nations
what was a reform of peter’s that benefited russia?
simplifying the russian alphabet
what was the underlying reason for the wars fought by spain under philip II?
to push back the protestant tide in europe
Who were the hapsburg family?
- Charles V and Isabella inherited the crown of Spain and the heir of the Austrian Hapsburgs
- Hapsburg empire included the Holy Roman Empire and the Netherlands
- included Charles VI and Maria Theresa
- wanted a strong united state
- kept the title of Holy Roman emperors
- focused on expanding their own lands
why did peter the great spend time in western europe
to study western technology
What were the reasons for the Golden Age of Spanish art under Philip II?
- siglo de oro aka golden century
- philip II was a patron of the arts
- he founded academics of science and math
- there were many painters and writers
what did the puritans encourage?
education for all
both peter and catherine were determined to gain this to improve russian trade with the west
warm water port
what prohibited the king from raising taxes without the consent of parliament?
petition of right
under the terms of the _____, france gained territory on its spanish and german frontiers
peace of westphalia
what were the successes of louis XIV?
- made ties between middle class and monarchy
- french army became strongest in europe
- economy went up
- ruled 72 years
- new world
- replaced renaissance with french arts
- versailles
what best describes catherine the great?
efficient and ruthless
what did the parliament that lasted from 1640-1653 become known as
long parliament
who were the biggest losers in the peace of westphalia
hapsburgs
all of the following were reasons for spains’ decline in the 1600s except:
- muslim and jews were expelled from spain, depleting the skilled work force
- inflation of gold and silver caused prices to rise
- the spanish armada suffered heavy losses in its attack on england
- france was successful in overtaking spain in the wars of spanish succession
france was successful in overtaking spain in the wars of spanish succession
what king of spain left the throne to enter a monastery and split his land between his son and brother?
- peter I
- louis XIV
- philip II
- charles V
charles V
the king of prussia earned the name ____ for his brillian use of his army
frederick the great
what was one reason that the arts and literature were able to flourish during the golden century?
philip II patronized them
who was france’s savvy finance inister under king louis XIV?
jean baptiste colbert
what was the proclamation that granted huguenots religious tolerance?
edict of nantes
thousands of serfs died while building this city
st. petersburg
what did jean baptiste colbert do while finance minister for louis XIV?
he boosted the economy
maria theresa of austria was forced to appeal to ___ for military aid when frederick II invaded silesia
hungary
which very wealthy part of the spanish empire broke away in 1581?
- nehterlands
- mexico
- austria hapsburg
- holy roman empire
netherlands
ruler with complete authority over the government and the people’s lives
- limited monarch
- democratic president
- absolute monarch
- divine right
absolute monarch
what russian dream did catherine the great achieve?
the end of serfdom
what was the result of louis XIV’s persecution of the huguenots?
they left france causing a blow to the french economy
the hapsburgs were rules of ____ lands and peoples
diverse
the puritans encourage _____ during the commonwealth days
- education for all
- peace with ireland
- rule by divine rights
- foreign trade
education for all
all of the following were successes of l ouis XIV except:
- building of the palace of versailles
- brought spain and france together in a unified country
- made frech culture flourish throughout europe
- richest country in europe by the 1700s
brought spain and france together in a unified country
what countries, in addition to russia, partitioned poland?
austria and prussia
what was the effect of louis XIV’s reign on the french army?
it became the strongest in europe
what did many enlgish protestants fear that james II would do
restore the roman catholic church
what caused spanish naval superiority to decline in the 1600s and 1700s?
an economic decline
who was the spanish author that penned don quixote?
miguel de cervantes
what were the failures of louis XIV?
- dreained the treasury
- persecuted huguenots
- the war of spanish succession
- repeal of edict of nantes/persecution of jews
- failed to adress the needs of the people
who was cardinal armand richelieu?
- trained to become a bishop in the church when he was 17
- was louis XIII’s chief minister
- strengthened the central government
- distroyed the power of the huguenots and nobles
- gave some nobles high posts in court and in the royal army
what were the reasons for the decline of spain in the 1600s?
- lack of strong leadership
- economic problems
- wars from over seas led spanish to neglect farming and commerce
- taxed the middle class
- gold and silver led to inflation which led to rising prices
what name was given to the tragedy in which thousands of huguenots were killed?
st bartholomew’s day massacre
this ruler seized part of poland
catherine the great
