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chapter 27 review Flashcards

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1
Q

causes of international tensions in 1900s

A

mationalism

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2
Q

SHORT ANSWER

explain the treaty of versailles

A

In June 1919, the peacemakers summoned representatives of the ner German Republic to the palace of Versailles outside of Paris. The Germans were ordered to sign the treaty drawn up by Allies. Germany had to pay reparations of more than $30 billion. They were forced to assume full responsibility for causing the war. Germany lost Alsace and Lorraine to France. Germany and Austria were not allowed to unite and Germany’s army was only allowed so many men. This treaty ended World War I.

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3
Q

goal of post-war peace by britain and france?

A

they shared lands in africa and asia

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4
Q

lenin’s role in the war effort in russia?

A

promised to get russia out of the war with germany

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5
Q

weapons that contributed to the stalemate of WWI

A

automatic machine gun

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6
Q

the Lusitania

A
  • May 1925, German u-boat torpedoed this British liner that sunk and killed 1200 passengers and 128 Americans
  • Germany claimed it carried weapons and agreed (but not for long) to stop attacking
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7
Q

battle of gallipoli

A
  • 1915
  • turkish troops tied down and trapped allies on beaches
  • churchill wanted to fight central powers through the straights at the ottoman turks
  • lost 250,000 casualities
  • churchill got fired
  • held off british invasion to keep dardanelles from allies
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8
Q

what countries were the cental powers?

A

germany, austria-hungary, bulgaria, ottoman empire

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9
Q

battle of somme

A
  • 1916
  • one of the bloodiest battles
  • allies tried to break through german forces
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10
Q

14 points

A

woodrow wilson’s list of terms such as Freedom of Seas, the secret treaties, and creation of general association of the nations

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11
Q

role of women?

A

took over mens jobs to keep the economy going, they got rights to suffrage

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12
Q

who were the big 3?

A

countries:

  1. britain
  2. france
  3. USA

People:

  • lloyd george
  • georges clemenceau
  • woodrow wilson
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13
Q

schlieffen plan

A

germany’s plan to attack france through belgium

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14
Q

german leader, supported austria-serbia war

A

kaiser william II

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15
Q

battle of the marne

A
  • 1914
  • britain and france pushed back german offense and destroyed germany’s hope for a quick victory
  • established western front and trench system
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16
Q

created the nobel peace prize

A

alfred nobel

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17
Q

SHORT ANSWER

what were the main causes of the war?

A
  • nationalism - bosnians and serbians were very nationalistic and the serbs living in bosnia wanted to separate from austria-hungary and join serbia
  • militarism - britain had a strong military and navy, germany wanted a navy just as strong, other countries got suspicious of this and wondered what germany was up to
  • imperialism - many countries wanted more land and more colonies
  • alliances - france joined with britain and russia, germany joined with austria-hungary and italy (italy left them and joined allies when they throught germany would lose)
  • assassination - archduke franz ferdinand was assassinated by austria
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18
Q

reasons WWI was a global war

A
  • everyone had mutual support treaties with other countries
  • when two countries started a war, their allies had to step in to help
  • these allies had allies of their own and they too had to get involved
  • soon nations which had no interest in the original conflict were dragged into fighting
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19
Q

battle of tannenberg

A
  • 1914
  • russians suffered worst defeat of the war
  • battle begins eastern front
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20
Q

who did join the league?

A
  • 63 nations
  • britain
  • italy
  • france
  • czechoslovakia
  • denmark
  • greece
  • yugoslavia
  • austria
  • hungary
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21
Q

mobilization of militaries in 1914 (germany & russia)?

A

russia mobilized quickly because germany was coming to attack

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22
Q

who was blamed for the start of WWI?

A

germany

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23
Q

reasons european countries joined alliances

A
  • the archduke was assassinated
  • serbia and austria were at war
  • joined to create powerful combinations that no one would try to attack
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24
Q

little willie

A

first tank used in battle of somme

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25
Q

what was germany’s response to russia’s mobilization in 1914?

A

germany declared war on russia on august 1, 1914 because they were enemies and they saw russia’s mobilization as a war threat

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26
Q

reasons european countries joined alliances

A
  • archduke was assassinated
  • serbia and austria at war
27
Q

why was trench war so deadly?

A

because machine guns could easily kill the soldiers if they tried to cross the trenches

28
Q

george clemenceau

A
  • made the anti-german war policy
  • from france
  • wanted revenge on the germans and wanted them to pay large reparations to cover war cost
  • wanted germany’s weapons taken away
  • one of the big 3
29
Q

conditions and terms of the treaty of versailles?

A
  • had more negative effects than positive
  • germany was forced to pay over $30 billion in reparations putting them into a deep depression
  • japan and russia felt resentment toward allies
  • russia started a communist party
  • germany had to take full responsibility for the war
  • germany had to reduce its weapons and size of its army
  • germany ahd to give up territory
30
Q

reasons for america’s involvement?

A
  • USA was a supplier of the arms for the allies but then joined because of un-restricted submarine warfare
  • US battleship blown up by Germans (sinking of USS Lusitania)
  • US was allies with great britain
31
Q

chemical weapons

A

weapons that use poisonous gas to kill enemies

32
Q

effects of militarism in the 1800s?

A

nations made political and military alliances

33
Q

what were the major battles of the war?

A
  • battle of tanneneberg
  • battle of the marne
  • battle of gallipoli
  • battle of the verdun
  • battle of somme
  • battle of caporetto
34
Q

david lloyd

A
  • from great britain
  • wanted to make germany pa
  • one of the big 3
35
Q

how did the goals of the big three leaders conflict at the paris peace conference?

A
  • wilson wanted peace without revenge
  • david lloyd george wanted to please the british people by punishing germany and getting money to fulfill his post war goals
  • georges clemenceau wanted germany to pay large reparations to cover war cost and to have its weapons taken away
36
Q

SHORT ANSWER

how did they go from an assassination to war?

A
  • when austria-hungary learned that the assassinations were supplied by serbia, they blamed them and called for an attack
  • to protect serbia, russia decided to declare war on austria-hungary
  • eventually led germany to join the fight since it was allied with austria-hungary
  • then many nations were forced into the war
37
Q

battle of verdun

A
  • 1916
  • german forces tried to overwhelm the french
  • 11 month struggle
38
Q

what were the effects of the treaty of versailles?

A
  • alsace and lorraine was returned to france
  • poland became an independent country
  • austria-hungary was split up and yugoslavia was created
  • finland, lithuania, latvia and czechoslovakia were made independent
  • all german and turkish colonies were taken away and put under allied control
  • japan asked allies to give them land in china but they said no
39
Q

atchduke of austria who’s assassination started WWI

A

archduke franz ferdinand

40
Q

why was the press censored?

A

so there was no information that would let the citizens know how bad the war actually was

41
Q

what ended WWI?

A

treaty of versailles

42
Q

how did technology contribute to the destructiveness of the war?

A
  • airplanes were used for scouting and to support the groud forces
  • armored tanks appeared on the battlefield
  • machine guns, deadly gases and heavy artillery raised the death toll
  • zeppelins
  • chemical gases
43
Q

spanish flu

A
  • global outbreak of a deadly type of flu
  • spread by soldiers during the war
  • killed many people
44
Q

present day countries that were part of the austrian-hungarian empire?

A
  • austria
  • hungary
  • slovakia
  • czech republic
  • poland
  • romania
  • italy
  • slovenia
  • croatia
  • bosnia
  • herzegovina
  • yugoslavia
45
Q

what were the reasons total war affected everyone in a country?

A
  • created the draft and took men away from their country
  • women had to do the men’s jobs
  • women were upset that men were at war and blamed it on the government for not having a family
  • food shortages
46
Q

Brest-Litovsk Treaty

A

treaty about Germany and Russia that ended the fighting on the Eastern front, taking Russia out of the war

47
Q

zimmerman note

A

a note sent from germany saying that if mexico joins the war it can regain Texas, Arizona and New Mexico

48
Q

battle of caporetto

A
  • proved disastrous for italy as tannenberg had been for russia
49
Q

what countries were the allies?

A

great britain, US, serbia, belgium, france, russia & italy (after they thought germany was going to lose)

50
Q

causes of international tensions in the 19th century?

A

nationalism

51
Q

what were the costs of WWI (money and lives)?

A
  • 8.5 million people worldwide were dead
  • 19 million people wounded
  • $33 billion in repreparations for germany
52
Q

president of the US who wrote the 14 points

A

woodrow wilson

53
Q

reasons for WWI stalemates and deadly conditions

A
  • trenches made it immpossible to advance on either side
  • trench foot
  • rats
  • diseases
54
Q

who did not join league?

A

USA, Germany, Russia

55
Q

place where the archduke was assassinated

A

sarajevo

56
Q

what were the reasons for russia’s mobilization in 1914?

A

russia gave serbia support, french wanted russia to mobilize so that the germans would be distracted

57
Q

assassinated the archduke and his wife on June 28, 1914 in sarajevo

A

gavrilo princip

58
Q

what was the reason serbs were angry at the archduke’s visit to sarajevo?

A

because he was visiting on june 28th and on that day in 1389 serbia was conquered by the ottoman empire

59
Q

what event helped the allies achieve a breakthrough in the war?

A

the US involvement

60
Q

what was league of nations goal?

A

to settle disputes through negotiations rather than through war

61
Q

u-boat

A

german submarine

62
Q

what was trench war?

A
  • big ditches put in the middle of both sides and lined with barbed wired fences
  • trench foot, rats, disease, deadly gases (mustard gas and chlorine)
63
Q

efforts of peace in the 19th century?

A
  • modern olympic games
  • nobel peace prize
  • hafie tribunal

World History (17 decks)

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