chapter 18 vocab

Question 1

_____ paintings of battles and saints were hung in many palaces

Answer 1

baroque

Question 2

ideas were exchanged by writers, artists, and philosophes in _____

Answer 2

salons

Question 3

head of the cabinet in a parliamentary government, usually the leader of the largest party in the legislature

Answer 3

prime minister

Question 4

states that all government power comes from the people

Answer 4

popular sovereignty

Question 5

john locke believed people had ____ and the government should protect these rights

Answer 5

natural rights

Question 6

the ____ helped George I set policy and rule england

Answer 6

cabinet

Question 7

rule or law that governs human nature

Answer 7

natural law

Question 8

The fight against the British was very hard because they had professional soldiers, a lot of money, and many American colonists were ______ who supported Britain’s rule.

Answer 8

loyalists

Question 9

government in which ruling power belongs to a few people

Answer 9

oligarchy

Question 10

absolute ruler who uses his or her power to bring about political and social change

Answer 10

enlightened despots

Question 11

ornate style of art and architecture popular in the 1600s and 1700s (very big and bold)

Answer 11

baroque

Question 12

a ______ began in Britain and was limited by the magna carta and the bill of rights

Answer 12

constitutional government

Question 13

Robert Walpole was Britain’s first _____ and helped the cabinet agree on many issues

Answer 13

prime minister

Question 14

informal social gathering at which writers, artists, and philosophers exchanged ideas; originated in France in the 1600s

Answer 14

salon

Question 15

policy allowing business to operate with little or no government interference

Answer 15

laissez-faire

Question 16

agreement by which people give up their freedom to a powerful government in order to avoid chaos

Answer 16

social contract

Question 17

enlightenment thinker who searched for natural laws to explain economiecs

Answer 17

physiocrat

Question 18

a ______ was created from the constitution and separated the powers between the legislative, executive, and judicial brances

Answer 18

federal republic

Question 19

Frederick the great, Catherine the great, and joseph II were _____ who wanted political and social change

Answer 19

enlightened despots

Question 20

_____ did not feel that the government should be involved in how businesses operated

Answer 20

physiocrats

Question 21

due to the _____ started by the government and church many writers were put in jail and books were burned

Answer 21

censorship

Question 22

furniture in the ___ style had pretty shells and flowers

Answer 22

rococo

Question 23

Thomas hobbes believed that if people did not enter into a _____ they would fight, rob, and mistreat each other

Answer 23

social contract

Question 24

parliamentary advisors to the king who originally met in a small room

Answer 24

cabinet

Question 25

government in which power is divided between the national, or federal, government and the states

Answer 25

federal republic

Question 26

with a policy of \_\_\_\_\_, the government would not interfere with businesses

Answer 26

laissez-faire

Question 27

member of a group of Enlightenment thinkers who tried to apply the methods of science to the improvement

Answer 27

philosophe

Question 28

government whose power is defined and limited by law

Answer 28

constitutional government

Question 29

right that belongs to all humans from birth

Answer 29

natural rights

Question 30

a few male property owners had to write to vote in Britain's ____ government

Answer 30

oligarchy

Question 31

the declaration of independence detailed ______ and the hardships felt by the colonists towards britain

Answer 31

popular sovereignty

Question 32

restriction on access to ideas and information

Answer 32

censorship

Question 33

colonist who supported Britain during the American Revolution

Answer 33

loyalist

Question 34

francois-maria arouet was the most famous of the ____ and his ideas spread throughout Europe

Answer 34

philosophes

Question 35

educated Europeans thought they could use ____ to solve all social, political, and economic problems.

Answer 35

natural laws

Question 36

personal, elegant style of art and architecture made popular during the mid-1700s and featuring fancy design in the shape of leaves, shells and scrolls

Answer 36

rococo