chapter 19 review

Question 1

national assembly

Answer 1

• formed in phase I of the revolution (1789-1791)
• represented the people of france

Question 2

jacobins

Answer 2

• group of radicals who created the national convention
• most radical and ruthless of the political groups
• instituted the terror under Robspierre

Question 3

committee of public safety

Answer 3

• headed by robspierre to keep france safe at home and abroad
• helped deal with threats of france
• included 12 members who had absolute power and battled to save the revolution
• they prepared france for war and required citizens to contribute to war efforts

Question 4

directory

Answer 4

• 5 men
• elected by male citizens who owned property
• formed during phase III of the revolution (1794-1799)

Question 5

continental system

Answer 5

• put in place to blockade british ports
• foreign policy of napolean

Question 6

battle of waterloo

Answer 6

• the battle on june 18, 1815 after napolean’s return where he was crushed by great brittain and prussia
• napoleon’s failure
• lasted 100 days
• crushed by great britain and prussia

Question 7

st. helena

Answer 7

• place where napoleon was forced to go into exile
• located in south atlantic
• island where napolean was exiled to and later died at

Question 8

tricolor

Answer 8

• white - clergy
• red - nobility
• blue - bourgeoisie

Question 9

sans-culottes

Answer 9

• lower class radicals of the french revolution
• the common people of the lower class
• they became radical or militant patrons of the french revolution

Question 10

cahiers

Answer 10

• notebooks which listed grivances

Question 11

bourgeoisie

Answer 11

the middle class

Question 12

emigres

Answer 12

people who flee their own country due to political reasons

Question 13

ancien regime / estate system

Answer 13

• old order
• everyone in france belonged to one of the 3 classes:
  
  • 1st estate - made up of the clergy church
  • 2nd estate - nobility
  • 3rd estate - lower class working people

Question 14

reasons king louis XVI called estates general in 1789

Answer 14

• france was near bankruptcy
• bread riots were spreading
• nobels who were fearful of taxes were denouncing royal tyranny
• he was pretty much forced by the people

Question 15

early moves by the national assembly (what did these do)

Answer 15

• represented the people of france
• invited other delegates from the other estates to help write a constitution
• march on versailles

Question 16

civil constitution of clergy

Answer 16

• the state controlled church
• subordinated the catholic church to the french government

Question 17

reasons for the execution of king louis XVI and marie antoinette

Answer 17

King Louis:

• he was a traitor to france
• a single vote sentenced him to his death

Marie Antionette:

• also executed
• her death was celebrated in radical days

Question 18

leader of the reign of terror

Answer 18

maximillen robspierre

Question 19

napoleon’s path to becoming emperor

Answer 19

• trained for a military career
• favored the jacobins and the republicans rule
• successful general
• become a political leader
• helped overthrow the weak directory
• set up 3 man governing board - consulate
• became first consul
• acquired enough power to assume the title of emperor

Question 20

groups that supported napoleon

Answer 20

everyone (all classes)

Question 21

napoleon’s war conquests (who, where)

Answer 21

• spain
• austria
• russia
• netherlands
• belgium
• italy
• german states

Question 22

napoleon’s invasions of russia

Answer 22

• russians treated east to avoid battle
• burned crops and villages which left the french hungry and cold
• russians attacked in winter when french were weak
• lost almost all of his men due to the extreme winter

Question 23

napoleon’s legacy to france

Answer 23

• ‘the revolution on horseback’
• spread the ideas of the revolution
• sparked nationalist feeling across europe
• he created a grade system
• brought back the church
• granted freedom in the eyes of the law

Question 24

goals of congress of vienna

Answer 24

• created a lasting peace by establishing a balance of power
• protecting system of monarchy
• restore ‘the ways things were’
• ‘holy alliance’ of christian monarchs to suppress future revolutions
• prevent revival of french military power
• france accepted as an equal power
• established peace, redrew borders, contain ambitions, add belgium and luxemburg to the netherlands, prussia gained land, austria gains northern italy, and restored legitimacy

Question 25

response to anti-revolutionaries by french society

Answer 25

• violent towards those who did not support the revolution
• people would be falsely accused
• kept on working
• tried and beheaded

Question 26

napoleonic code

Answer 26

• all equal before law
• feudal rights ended
• trial by jury
• religious freedom
• parents have power over children
• wives only own property with husbands consent
• fathers are able to imprison children

Question 27

reasons reign of terror didn’t support he ideals of french revolution

Answer 27

• took away freedom of speech
• created the 3 man directory
• people still didn’t get food
• killed a lot of people for no reason

Question 28

napoleon’s contribution to the ideals of the french revolution

Answer 28

• equality
• 4 grades
• religious tolerance
• nationalism

Question 29

reasons congress of vienna restored to the ‘old order’ of france

Answer 29

• redrew boarders
• failed to see nationalism
• there was no other choice but they limited it

Question 30

compare/contrast the ideals of american and french revolutions

Answer 30

COMPARE:

• enlightenment ideas
• natural rights - equality
• suffered social and economic hardships
• monarchs weakened
• fought agains a monarchy
• sparked because of taxes
• both won

CONTRAST:

• upper class support of revolution from france but loyalists for america
• america continued to prosper after but france was chaotic and bloody
• french was more violent
• america was fighting for independence
• america had a more significant outcome