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Cp Biology > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

mitosis

A

vision of the cells nucleus

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2
Q

asexual

A

single-parent, parts split off to form a new organism, quick and easy

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3
Q

sexual

A

to cells from two different parents join

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4
Q

crossing over

A

exchanging portions of chromatids

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5
Q

why is meiosis responsible for genetic diverse city

A

because it produces four different genetically different cells

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6
Q

what is the end product of meiosis

A

four haploid daughter cells

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7
Q

haploid

A

Single set of genes

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8
Q

diploid

A

both sets of homolog is chromosomes

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9
Q

what is a gamete, what is the male and female

A

sex cell, sperm, egg

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10
Q

if an organisms diploid number is 18 it’s haploid number is

A

nine

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11
Q

name the four bases found in DNA

A

nitrogenous , cytosine, thigh mean

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12
Q

for bases found an RNA

A

A U , C, G

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13
Q

what else is found in a nuclear tide of DNA

A

deoxyribose, phosphate, nitrogen

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14
Q

what sugar is found in RNA

A

glucose

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15
Q

phenotype

A

physical characteristics of an organism

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16
Q

karyotype

A

set of photographs of chromosomes group and ordered pairs

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17
Q

homozygous

A

two identical alleles

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18
Q

heterozygous

A

two different alleles

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19
Q

transcription

A

DNA is copied into RNA

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20
Q

translation

A

decoding of mRNA

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21
Q

incomplete dominance

A

One allele is not completely dominant over another

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22
Q

nondisjunction

A

homolog is chromosomes fail to separate

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23
Q

autosomes

A

nonsex chromosomes

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24
Q

what do you jeans contain instructions for

A

traits

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25
Q

incomplete dominance example

A

Red and white flowers

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26
Q

if your blood type was a day what could you get blood from, B, AB, O

A

b-b, o
ab- a, b, ab, o
o- o

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27
Q

meiosis

A

chromosomes cut in half

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28
Q

female pedigree

A

open circle

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29
Q

male pedigree

A

open square

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30
Q

marriage

A

line

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31
Q

affected female

A

closed circle

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32
Q

affected male

A

closed square

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33
Q

47XX+21

A

Down syndrome

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34
Q

46XY

A

normal male

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35
Q

cladogram

A

evolutionary relationships of organisms

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36
Q

geologic time scale

A

evolutionary time

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37
Q

Rick layers age

A

oldest on top newest on bottom

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38
Q

geographic isolation, how does it effect evolution

A

two organisms separated physically by barrier

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39
Q

convolution

A

two different species involve from changes

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40
Q

convergent evolution

A

unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities from environment

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41
Q

adaptive radiation

A

single species of a group evolves into different species

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42
Q

adaptation

A

inherited characteristics that increase chance of survival

43
Q

gene pool

A

combined genetic information of all members in a particular population

44
Q

natural selection

A

better suited organisms survive

45
Q

artificial selection

A

selection of humans breeding

46
Q

species

A

similar organism that can breed and produce offspring

47
Q

relative dating

A

comparing placement to other fossils

48
Q

radioactive dating

A

based on remaining amount of isotopes

49
Q

index fossil

A

distinctive fossil used to compare relative age of fossils

50
Q

how old is the earth

A

4.5 billion years

51
Q

what did the skull lab show

A

evolution over time

52
Q

human DNa and chimpanzee dna

A

98% alike

53
Q

survival of the fittest

A

the organisms who adapt survive

54
Q

Lamarcks ideas on change

A

selective use

55
Q

Darwins discoveries about finches

A

different on different islands

56
Q

homeostasis

A

organisms maintain a stable internal environment

57
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

automatic impulses

58
Q

cerebrum

A

voluntary actions

59
Q

cerebellum

A

body movements

60
Q

sensory neurons

A

nerve to spinal cord

61
Q

Moter neurons

A

brain and spinal cords to muscles

62
Q

interneurons

A

sensory and motor neurons

63
Q

neurotransmitters

A

transfer neurons across synapse

64
Q

synapse

A

impulse to another cells

65
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

66
Q

components of blood

A

air blood and cells

67
Q

plasma

A

straw colored fluid, 55% of blood

68
Q

what happens to white blood cells during infection

A

engulf foreign cells, fight

69
Q

what blood cells are most numerous

A

red

70
Q

lymphatic system

A

collects lost blood and returns to circulatory system

71
Q

lymph

A

lost fluid

72
Q

flow of blood

A

left aria, ventricles, right atria

73
Q

aorta

A

brings oxygen rich blood to body

74
Q

how does oxygen get to blood

A

aorta

75
Q

hemoglobin

A

iron proteins from blood to muscles

76
Q

veins vs arteries

A

artery- large to tissues and veins

veins- blood to heart

77
Q

capillaries

A

smallest blood vessels

78
Q

diaphragm

A

increases chest volume

79
Q

trachea

A

windpipe

80
Q

bronchioles

A

trachea to lungs

81
Q

alveoli

A

air sacks

82
Q

larynx

A

vocal

83
Q

lung

A

how we breathe

84
Q

why does trachea have cartilage rings

A

support

85
Q

hormones

A

produced in one part that effects another

86
Q

how does the endocrine system maintain homeostasis

A

feedback mechanisms

87
Q

nephron

A

blood filtering unit in kidney

88
Q

filtrate

A

gets bad stuff out of blood

89
Q

dialysis

A

filters blood for you

90
Q

why is water lost from body

A

pee, sweat, breathing

91
Q

endocrine system made of

A

hormones

92
Q

pituitary gland

A

regulates body functions and controls actions

93
Q

two functions of pancreas

A

hold glucose in blood stable

94
Q

what happens when insulin isn’t produced

A

diabetes

95
Q

adrenal glands

A

deal with stress, hats okay kidney

96
Q

thyroid gland

A

regulates metabolism, trachea

97
Q

digestive system

A

mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, small intestine, large intestine,

98
Q

villi

A

increases surface area in stomach

99
Q

liver help in digestion

A

produces enzymes

100
Q

large intestine

A

takes extra water

101
Q

chemical digestion

A

breaks down food with enzymes

102
Q

mechanical digestion

A

physically breaks down food

103
Q

amylase

A

enzyme in saliva, breaks chemical bonds

104
Q

proteins

A

carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen

Cp Biology (19 decks)

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