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Cp Biology > Ecology Test > Flashcards

Ecology Test Flashcards

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0
Q

What are auto troughs

A

Only plants, algae, certain bacteria can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals, I used to produce food

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1
Q

What source of energy to organisms use that do not use the sun

A

Some rely on the energy stored in inorganic chemical compounds

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2
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

When organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates

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3
Q

Herbivore

A

Eats only plants

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4
Q

Carnivore

A

Heterotrophic eat animals

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5
Q

Omnivore

A

Eats both plants and animals

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6
Q

Detritivore

A

Eats dead matter

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7
Q

Decomposer

A

Break down organic materials

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8
Q

Detritus

A

Plant and animal remains and other dead matter

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9
Q

How does energy flow through ecosystem

A

It flows in one direction from the sun to the components

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10
Q

Food chain

A

How organisms get energy from each other

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11
Q

Food web

A

How they interact

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12
Q

Tropic level

A

Each step in a food chain or web

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13
Q

Ecological pyramid

A

Relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each traffic level

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14
Q

Biomass

A

Total amount of living tissue within a traffic level

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15
Q

What does a pyramid of numbers show

A

The number of individual organisms in each tropic level

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16
Q

Transpiration

A

Water can enter the atmosphere by about breeding from the leaves of plants

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17
Q

Nutrients

A

Bodies building blocks

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18
Q

The three main nutrient cycles

A

Carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle

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19
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

Convert of nitrogen gas into ammonia

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20
Q

Denitrification

A

Soil bacteria can Wert nitrates into nitrogen gas

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21
Q

Weather

A

Day to day

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22
Q

Climate

A

Average year-to-year

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23
Q

Polar zone

A

Areas around north and south poles

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24
Q

Temperate zone

A

Between the polar zone and the tropic zone

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25
Q

Tropical zone

A

Near the equator

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26
Q

Biotic factors

A

The biological influence with in an ecosystem

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27
Q

Abiotic factors

A

Physical or nonliving factors that shape and ecosystem

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28
Q

Niche

A

A full range of physical and biological conditions

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29
Q

When does competition occur

A

When organisms tend to use the ecological resources at the same time

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30
Q

Resource

A

I necessity of life

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31
Q

Predation

A

One organism captures and feeds on another

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32
Q

Symbiosis

A

Two species live close together

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33
Q

Mutilation

A

Both species benefit

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34
Q

Commensalism

A

One species benefits and the other is not helped or harmed

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35
Q

Parasitism

A

One benefits the other is harmed

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36
Q

Ecological succession

A

Predictable changes that occur in a community overtime

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37
Q

Primary succession

A

Succession occurs where no soil exists

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38
Q

Pioneer species

A

The first species to populate and area

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39
Q

Biome

A

A complex terrestrial communities that covers a large area that has a certain Clement or soil

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40
Q

Clement diagram

A

Temperature and precipitation

41
Q

Microclimate

A

Acclimate were a small area that differs

42
Q

Tropical rain forest

A

Biome that occurs or on the equator

43
Q

Tundra

A

Biome that occurs near or above 60° north latitude

44
Q

Boreal forest

A

Forest biome that occurs almost exclusively in the northern hemisphere

45
Q

Canopy

A

Dense covering formed by the leafy tops of tall trees

46
Q

Understory

A

Layer of shorter trees and vines

47
Q

Deciduous tree

A

A tree that sheds its leaves during a season

48
Q

Chaparral

A

Community is dominated by shrubs

49
Q

Coniferous tree

A

Produces seeds bearing comes and leaves shaped like needles

50
Q

Permafrost

A

A layer of permanently frozen subsoil

51
Q

The four main characteristics that determine aquatic ecosystems

A

Depth, flow, temperature, chemistry of the overlying water

52
Q

Freshwater ecosystems

A

Flowing and standing, mountains or hills,

53
Q

Plankton

A

Tiny free-floating or weekly swimming organism

54
Q

Phytoplankton

A

Single celled algae

55
Q

Zoo plankton

A

Planktonic animals

56
Q

Wetland

A

Water cover soil or is present near the surface for at least part of the year

57
Q

Brackish water

A

A mixture of fresh and saltwater

58
Q

Three types of freshwater wetlands

A

Marshals, Boggs, swamps

59
Q

Marshes

A

Along rivers

60
Q

Swamps

A

Around trees

61
Q

Estuaries

A

Wetlands where river meets the sea

62
Q

Salt marshes

A

Temperate zone estuaries dominated by salt tolerant grasses

63
Q

Man Grove swamps

A

Coastal wetlands spread across tropical regions

64
Q

Phonic zone

A

Well lit underlayer

65
Q

A photic zone

A

Permanently dark zone below the Fatick zone

66
Q

Three main vertical divisions of the ocean

A

Internal, coastal ocean and open ocean

67
Q

Zonation

A

A prominent horizontal balancing of organisms that live in a particular habitat

68
Q

Benthic zone

A

Attached organisms to or near the bottom

69
Q

Bentos

A

Stick or near the bottom

70
Q

What is population density

A

The number of individuals personal unit area

71
Q

What are the three factors that affect population size

A

Number of births, number of deaths, number of individuals who leave or join a population

72
Q

Immigration

A

The movement of the individuals into an area

73
Q

Emigration

A

The movement of individuals out of an area

74
Q

When does exponential growth occurred

A

When individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate

75
Q

When resources become less available how does population growth change

A

It stops or slows

76
Q

Logistic growth

A

Population growth slows or stops following a period of exponential growth

77
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The largest number of individuals that a given environment can support

78
Q

Limiting factor

A

The factor that causes population growth to decrease

79
Q

For density dependent limiting factors

A

Competition, predation, parasitism and disease

80
Q

Why is the human population beginning to grow more rapidly

A

Agriculture and industry

81
Q

Why can’t the human population keep growing exponentially forever

A

Earth and its resources are limited

82
Q

Demography

A

Study of human population

83
Q

Demographic transition

A

A dramatic change in birth and death rates

84
Q

Three places in the world that I’ve arty gone through demographic transition

A

United States Europe and Japan

85
Q

Three places that have yet to go through demographic transition

A

South America Africa and Asia

86
Q

What for human activities have transformed the biosphere

A

Hunting gathering industry and urban development

87
Q

What is meant by the tragedy of the commons

A

Resource open to everyone is destroyed because everyone uses it but no one to take care of it

88
Q

Bio diverse city

A

Some total of genetically based variety of organisms in the biosphere

89
Q

Ecosystem diverse city

A

Variety of habitats and communities

90
Q

Species diversity

A

Number of different species in the biosphere

91
Q

Genetic diverse city

A

Some total of different forms of genetic information

92
Q

Why is biodiversity whenever it’s greatest natural resources

A

Species provide us with food industrial products and medicines

93
Q

Extinction

A

When a species disappears from all or part of its range

94
Q

Endangered species

A

A species population is declining that place it in a way of being in danger

95
Q

Biological magnification

A

Concentrations of a harmful substance increases and organisms at higher traffic levels in the food chain

96
Q

Invasive species

A

Animals that humans transport accidentally or intentionally

97
Q

Wire auto troughs also called producers

A

They make their own food

98
Q

Heterotrophs are also called

A

Consumers

99
Q

In a food web which organism makes up the first tropic level

A

Producers

100
Q

What are the four elements that make up over 95% of the body and most organisms

A

Oxygen carbon nitrogen and hydrogen

Cp Biology (19 decks)

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