Ecology Test Flashcards
0
Q
What are auto troughs
A
Only plants, algae, certain bacteria can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals, I used to produce food
1
Q
What source of energy to organisms use that do not use the sun
A
Some rely on the energy stored in inorganic chemical compounds
2
Q
Chemosynthesis
A
When organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates
3
Q
Herbivore
A
Eats only plants
4
Q
Carnivore
A
Heterotrophic eat animals
5
Q
Omnivore
A
Eats both plants and animals
6
Q
Detritivore
A
Eats dead matter
7
Q
Decomposer
A
Break down organic materials
8
Q
Detritus
A
Plant and animal remains and other dead matter
9
Q
How does energy flow through ecosystem
A
It flows in one direction from the sun to the components
10
Q
Food chain
A
How organisms get energy from each other
11
Q
Food web
A
How they interact
12
Q
Tropic level
A
Each step in a food chain or web
13
Q
Ecological pyramid
A
Relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each traffic level
14
Q
Biomass
A
Total amount of living tissue within a traffic level
15
Q
What does a pyramid of numbers show
A
The number of individual organisms in each tropic level
16
Q
Transpiration
A
Water can enter the atmosphere by about breeding from the leaves of plants
17
Q
Nutrients
A
Bodies building blocks
18
Q
The three main nutrient cycles
A
Carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle
19
Q
Nitrogen fixation
A
Convert of nitrogen gas into ammonia
20
Q
Denitrification
A
Soil bacteria can Wert nitrates into nitrogen gas
21
Q
Weather
A
Day to day
22
Q
Climate
A
Average year-to-year
23
Q
Polar zone
A
Areas around north and south poles
24
Temperate zone
Between the polar zone and the tropic zone
25
Tropical zone
Near the equator
26
Biotic factors
The biological influence with in an ecosystem
27
Abiotic factors
Physical or nonliving factors that shape and ecosystem
28
Niche
A full range of physical and biological conditions
29
When does competition occur
When organisms tend to use the ecological resources at the same time
30
Resource
I necessity of life
31
Predation
One organism captures and feeds on another
32
Symbiosis
Two species live close together
33
Mutilation
Both species benefit
34
Commensalism
One species benefits and the other is not helped or harmed
35
Parasitism
One benefits the other is harmed
36
Ecological succession
Predictable changes that occur in a community overtime
37
Primary succession
Succession occurs where no soil exists
38
Pioneer species
The first species to populate and area
39
Biome
A complex terrestrial communities that covers a large area that has a certain Clement or soil
40
Clement diagram
Temperature and precipitation
41
Microclimate
Acclimate were a small area that differs
42
Tropical rain forest
Biome that occurs or on the equator
43
Tundra
Biome that occurs near or above 60° north latitude
44
Boreal forest
Forest biome that occurs almost exclusively in the northern hemisphere
45
Canopy
Dense covering formed by the leafy tops of tall trees
46
Understory
Layer of shorter trees and vines
47
Deciduous tree
A tree that sheds its leaves during a season
48
Chaparral
Community is dominated by shrubs
49
Coniferous tree
Produces seeds bearing comes and leaves shaped like needles
50
Permafrost
A layer of permanently frozen subsoil
51
The four main characteristics that determine aquatic ecosystems
Depth, flow, temperature, chemistry of the overlying water
52
Freshwater ecosystems
Flowing and standing, mountains or hills,
53
Plankton
Tiny free-floating or weekly swimming organism
54
Phytoplankton
Single celled algae
55
Zoo plankton
Planktonic animals
56
Wetland
Water cover soil or is present near the surface for at least part of the year
57
Brackish water
A mixture of fresh and saltwater
58
Three types of freshwater wetlands
Marshals, Boggs, swamps
59
Marshes
Along rivers
60
Swamps
Around trees
61
Estuaries
Wetlands where river meets the sea
62
Salt marshes
Temperate zone estuaries dominated by salt tolerant grasses
63
Man Grove swamps
Coastal wetlands spread across tropical regions
64
Phonic zone
Well lit underlayer
65
A photic zone
Permanently dark zone below the Fatick zone
66
Three main vertical divisions of the ocean
Internal, coastal ocean and open ocean
67
Zonation
A prominent horizontal balancing of organisms that live in a particular habitat
68
Benthic zone
Attached organisms to or near the bottom
69
Bentos
Stick or near the bottom
70
What is population density
The number of individuals personal unit area
71
What are the three factors that affect population size
Number of births, number of deaths, number of individuals who leave or join a population
72
Immigration
The movement of the individuals into an area
73
Emigration
The movement of individuals out of an area
74
When does exponential growth occurred
When individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate
75
When resources become less available how does population growth change
It stops or slows
76
Logistic growth
Population growth slows or stops following a period of exponential growth
77
Carrying capacity
The largest number of individuals that a given environment can support
78
Limiting factor
The factor that causes population growth to decrease
79
For density dependent limiting factors
Competition, predation, parasitism and disease
80
Why is the human population beginning to grow more rapidly
Agriculture and industry
81
Why can't the human population keep growing exponentially forever
Earth and its resources are limited
82
Demography
Study of human population
83
Demographic transition
A dramatic change in birth and death rates
84
Three places in the world that I've arty gone through demographic transition
United States Europe and Japan
85
Three places that have yet to go through demographic transition
South America Africa and Asia
86
What for human activities have transformed the biosphere
Hunting gathering industry and urban development
87
What is meant by the tragedy of the commons
Resource open to everyone is destroyed because everyone uses it but no one to take care of it
88
Bio diverse city
Some total of genetically based variety of organisms in the biosphere
89
Ecosystem diverse city
Variety of habitats and communities
90
Species diversity
Number of different species in the biosphere
91
Genetic diverse city
Some total of different forms of genetic information
92
Why is biodiversity whenever it's greatest natural resources
Species provide us with food industrial products and medicines
93
Extinction
When a species disappears from all or part of its range
94
Endangered species
A species population is declining that place it in a way of being in danger
95
Biological magnification
Concentrations of a harmful substance increases and organisms at higher traffic levels in the food chain
96
Invasive species
Animals that humans transport accidentally or intentionally
97
Wire auto troughs also called producers
They make their own food
98
Heterotrophs are also called
Consumers
99
In a food web which organism makes up the first tropic level
Producers
100
What are the four elements that make up over 95% of the body and most organisms
Oxygen carbon nitrogen and hydrogen
