Chapter 11-12 Vocab

Question 0

True breeding

Answer 0

term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self pollinate

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

Scientific study of heredity

Question 2

Trait

Answer 2

Specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another

Question 3

Hybrid

Answer 3

Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and that’s determines the trait

Question 5

Gamete

Answer 5

Specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction

Question 6

Homozygous

Answer 6

Term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait

Question 7

Heterozygous

Answer 7

Term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles from the same trait

Question 8

Phenotype

Answer 8

Physical characteristics of an organism

Question 9

Genotype

Answer 9

Genetic makeup of an organism

Question 10

Homologous

Answer 10

Term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite sex parent

Question 11

Diploid

Answer 11

Term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homolog is chromosomes

Question 12

Haploid

Answer 12

Term used to refer to the cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes

Question 13

Josef

Answer 13

Process by which the number of chromosomes Purcell is cut in half to the separation of homolog is chromosomes in a diploid cell

Question 14

Crossing over

Answer 14

Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis

Question 15

Nucleotide

Answer 15

Monometer of new clique acid made up of five carbon sugar a phosphate group and a nitrogen base

Question 16

Base pairing

Answer 16

Principal the only DNA can form between certain things

Question 17

Chromatin

Answer 17

Material visible within the nuclear us

Question 18

Histone

Answer 18

Protein molecule around which DNA tightly coiled and chromatin

Question 19

Replication

Answer 19

Copying process by which a cell duplicate its DNA

Question 20

mRNA

Answer 20

molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins for DNA to rest of the cell

Question 21

rRNA

Answer 21

Type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes

Question 22

tRNA

Answer 22

Type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

Question 23

Transcription

Answer 23

Loss of water from a plant through its leaves

Question 24

Condon

Answer 24

Three nucleotide sequence of messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid

Question 25

Translation

Answer 25

Decoding of M RNA message into a polypeptide chain

Question 26

Anticondon

Answer 26

Group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an M RNA Condon

Question 27

Mutation

Answer 27

Change in the DNA sequence that affects genetic information