Chapter 11-12 Vocab Flashcards
True breeding
term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self pollinate
Genetics
Scientific study of heredity
Trait
Specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another
Hybrid
Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
Gene
Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and that’s determines the trait
Gamete
Specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction
Homozygous
Term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait
Heterozygous
Term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles from the same trait
Phenotype
Physical characteristics of an organism
Genotype
Genetic makeup of an organism
Homologous
Term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite sex parent
Diploid
Term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homolog is chromosomes
Haploid
Term used to refer to the cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes
Josef
Process by which the number of chromosomes Purcell is cut in half to the separation of homolog is chromosomes in a diploid cell
Crossing over
Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
Nucleotide
Monometer of new clique acid made up of five carbon sugar a phosphate group and a nitrogen base
Base pairing
Principal the only DNA can form between certain things
Chromatin
Material visible within the nuclear us
Histone
Protein molecule around which DNA tightly coiled and chromatin
Replication
Copying process by which a cell duplicate its DNA
mRNA
molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins for DNA to rest of the cell
rRNA
Type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes
tRNA
Type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
Transcription
Loss of water from a plant through its leaves
