Chaptet 7/10 Test Flashcards
Anton van leewenhoek
One of the first people to use the microscope to study nature
Cell
Structure that makes of every living thing
Cell theory
All living things are composed of cells, basic unit of structure and function in living things, no cells are produced from existing cells
Cell membrane
Flexible layer around to sell
Cell wall
Supports and protects the cell
Nucleus
Contains cells genetic material and controls activities
Cytoplasm
Material inside the membrane not the nucleus
Prokaryotes
Don’t have a nuclei
Eukaryotes
Have nuclei
Organelle
Preform cellular functions
What organisms have cell walls
Plants, algae, fungi and all prokaryotes
DNA
Important molecules contained in the nucleus
Chromosomes
Distinct threadlike structures containing genetic information
Nucleolus
Assembly of ribosomes , The small dense region nucleus contains
Nuclear envelope
Helps the cell maintain its shape, cell movement
smooth ER
No ribosomes on surface
Rough ER
Involved in synthesis
Lysosomes
Breakdown old organelles, digestive enzymes
Lipid bilayer
The corner of nearly all cell membranes is a double layered sheet
What is the function of proteins attached the to the cell membrane
Summer used as channels and pumps and help move material
What is the function of the carbohydrate attached to the cell membrane
Form chains and identify other cells
Osmosis
Allows water to pass easily through most membranes
Two solutions are isotonic
The solutions are the same strength
A solution is hypertonic
The solution is above strength and salute
A solution is hypotonic
Solution is below strength in solute
Function of the contractile vacuole
Comes access water out of the cell
Facilitated diffusion
Glucose that can’t pass the lipid bilayer moves across the protein channel
Endocytosis
Large amounts of material are transported through movement of the cell membrane
Phagocytosis
Large particles are taken in the cell by endocytosis
Exocytosis
Removal of large amounts of material
Levels of organization
Cells, tissues, organs, organ system
Why do the cells divide
The more it grows the more demands are placed on DNA and material has a hard time moving across the membrane
Cell division
The process of a cell divides into two new daughter cells, complete genetic information
When chromosomes become visible at the beginning of cell division what does each chromosome consists of
Centromere and sister chromatids
Centromere
Where the chromatids are attached the center of the chromatids
Interphase
In between period of growth
Cell cycle
The series of events the sale goes through to divide, mitosis and interphase
Interface is divided into what three phases
G1 s G2
What happens during the G1 phase
The. Were cells do most of their growing
What happened during the S-phase
Chromosomes replicate and synthesis takes place
What happens during the G2 phase
Organelles and molecules needed it for the division are produced
What are the four phases of mitosis
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Centrioles
The tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope
Spindle
Fanlike microtubule that helped to separate the structure
Cytokinesis
The division of the cytoplasm
Cyclins
They regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryote cells
Internal regulators
Proteins that respond to events inside the cell
Cancer
Uncontrolled cell growth
When are chromosomes visible
Cell division
Prophase
The chromosomes become visible, the centrioles take a position on opposite sides of the nuclear us
Metaphase
The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
Anaphase
The chromosomes move until they form two groups near the poles of the spindle
Telophase
The nuclear envelope reforms around each cluster of chromosomes, the new keyless becomes visible in each daughter nuclear us
Happens to the south the edge of an injury
The cell begins to divide fast to fill the space
What is the function of the nuclear us
Charles most cell processes contains hereditary information in DNA
What is found in the nuclear us
Nucleosis chromatin and DNA
Ribosome
And internal membrane system in which components of the cell membrane and some proteins are constructed also acts as a transport system
Lysosome
Filled with enzymes used to break down food and organelles that have outlived their usefulness
Vacuole
Saclike structure that stores materials
Chloroplast
Uses energy from the sunlight to make energy rich foods, only implants
Mitochondrial on
Use energy from food to make high-energy compounds, inner and outer membrane
When will the water stop moving across a membrane
Never, it gets close when it reaches the equilibrium
