Final Flashcards
reduction reaction
A reaction that adds hydrogen atoms to a molecule
zwitterion
An electrically neutral molecule that contains a positively ionized group and a negatively ionized group
primary structure of a protein
The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide
alpha helix
A protein structure in which the polypeptide backbone folds into a tight coil
competitive inhibitor of an enzyme
A molecule that fits into the active site of an enzyme and prevents the normal substrate from entering
effector of an enzyme
A molecule or ion that binds an enzyme outside of the active site and changes the activity of an enzyme
polypeptide
A molecule that is built from amino acids linked by peptide bonds; a protein
carbohydrate
An organic compound with a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
lipid
A biomolecule that is insoluble in water and is not a protein or a carbohydrate
fatty acid
An unbranched, long chain carboxylic acid that is used by living organisms to make fats
accuracy
How close an experimental measurement is to the true value
atom
The smallest particle of an element
atomic number
The number of protons in an atom, used to identify the element
electron
A subatomic particle; the negatively charged component of atoms
mole
An amount of a substance equal to its formula weight expressed in grams
valence electrons
An electron in the outermost shell of an atom
valence shell
The outermost shell of an atom
cation
A positively charged ion
electronegativity
A measure of the attraction of an element for electrons
octet rule
The tendency of atoms to have eight valence electrons when they form molecules or ions
dipole dipole attraction
The attraction between oppositely charged regions in two polar molecules
ion-ion attraction
The attraction between oppositely charged ions
solvent
The primary liquid component of a solution
law of conservation of energy
The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction
