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Chemistry > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

reduction reaction

A

A reaction that adds hydrogen atoms to a molecule

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2
Q

zwitterion

A

An electrically neutral molecule that contains a positively ionized group and a negatively ionized group

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3
Q

primary structure of a protein

A

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide

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4
Q

alpha helix

A

A protein structure in which the polypeptide backbone folds into a tight coil

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5
Q

competitive inhibitor of an enzyme

A

A molecule that fits into the active site of an enzyme and prevents the normal substrate from entering

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6
Q

effector of an enzyme

A

A molecule or ion that binds an enzyme outside of the active site and changes the activity of an enzyme

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7
Q

polypeptide

A

A molecule that is built from amino acids linked by peptide bonds; a protein

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8
Q

carbohydrate

A

An organic compound with a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

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9
Q

lipid

A

A biomolecule that is insoluble in water and is not a protein or a carbohydrate

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10
Q

fatty acid

A

An unbranched, long chain carboxylic acid that is used by living organisms to make fats

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11
Q

accuracy

A

How close an experimental measurement is to the true value

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12
Q

atom

A

The smallest particle of an element

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13
Q

atomic number

A

The number of protons in an atom, used to identify the element

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14
Q

electron

A

A subatomic particle; the negatively charged component of atoms

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15
Q

mole

A

An amount of a substance equal to its formula weight expressed in grams

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16
Q

valence electrons

A

An electron in the outermost shell of an atom

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17
Q

valence shell

A

The outermost shell of an atom

18
Q

cation

A

A positively charged ion

19
Q

electronegativity

A

A measure of the attraction of an element for electrons

20
Q

octet rule

A

The tendency of atoms to have eight valence electrons when they form molecules or ions

21
Q

dipole dipole attraction

A

The attraction between oppositely charged regions in two polar molecules

22
Q

ion-ion attraction

A

The attraction between oppositely charged ions

23
Q

solvent

A

The primary liquid component of a solution

24
Q

law of conservation of energy

A

The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction

25
Q

activation of energy

A

The minimum energy that reactant molecules must have to react

26
Q

electrolyte

A

A substance tat conducts electricity when it dissolves in water

27
Q

specific heat

A

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1C

28
Q

solute

A

One component of a solution either the component that disappears during the dissolving process or the liquid that is present in the smaller amount

29
Q

chemical equilibrium

A

A stable mixture of products and reactants in which the rates of the forward reaction and reverse reaction are equal

30
Q

heat of reaction

A

The amount of heat absurd or given off by a chemical reaction

31
Q

acid

A

a molecule or ion that can donate a hydrogen ion to another molecule or ion

32
Q

base

A

A molecule or ion that can bond to a hydrogen ion

33
Q

conjugate pair

A

Two substances whose formulas differ by one hydrogen ion

34
Q

buffer

A

A solution that resists pH changes when acids or bases are added to it

35
Q

alkane

A

An organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms linked by single bonds

36
Q

alkene

A

An organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms and that contains a carbon-carbon double bond

37
Q

alcohol

A

an organic compound that contains an OH group bonded to an alkyl group

38
Q

saturated hydrocarbon

A

A hydrocarbon that does not contain any double or triple bonds

39
Q

VSEPR

A

The principle that valence electrons around an atom arrange themselves to be as far apart as possible

40
Q

enantiomer

A

Mirror image forms of a compound that are not superimposable

Chemistry (25 decks)

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