Chapter 4 Vocab

Question 1

Polar molecule

Answer 1

A molecule with an unequal distribution of charge as a result of its polar bonds and shape.

Question 2

solvated

Answer 2

Surrounded closely by solvent molecules.

Question 3

electrolyte

Answer 3

a substance that conducts a current when it dissolves in water. A mixture of ions, in which the electrodes of an electrochemical cell are immersed, that conducts a current.

Question 4

nonelectrolyte

Answer 4

A substance whose aquesous solution does not conduct an electric current.

Question 5

Molecular equation

Answer 5

A chemical equation showing a reaction in solution in which reactants and products appear as intact, undissociated compounds.

Question 6

total ionic equation

Answer 6

an equation for an aqueous reaction that shows all the soluble ionic substance dissociated into ions.

Question 7

Spectator ion

Answer 7

an ion that is present as part of a reactant but is not involved in the chemical change.

Question 8

net ionic equation

Answer 8

a chemical equation of a reaction in solution in which spectator ions have been eliminated to show the actual chemical change.

Question 9

Precipitation reaction

Answer 9

A reaction in which two soluble ionic compounds form an insoluble product, a precipitate.

Question 10

Precipitate

Answer 10

The insoluble product of a precipitation reaction

Question 11

metathesis reaction

Answer 11

A reaction in which atoms or ions of two compounds exchange bonding partners.

Question 12

acid-base reaction

Answer 12

Any reaction between an acid and a base

Question 13

acid

Answer 13

In common Laboratory terms, any species that produces H+ ions when dissolved in water

Question 14

base

Answer 14

any species that produces OH- ions when dissolved in water.

Question 15

salt

Answer 15

An ionic compound that results from an Arrhenius acid-base reaction after solvent is removed

Question 16

titration

Answer 16

A method of determining the concentration of a solution by monitoring relative amounts during its reaction with a solution of known concentration

Question 17

equivalence point

Answer 17

the point in a titration when the number of moles of the added species is stoichiometrically equivalent to the original number of moles of the other species.

Question 18

end point

Answer 18

the point in a titration at which the indicator changes color.

Question 19

oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction

Answer 19

a process in which there is a net movement of electrons from one reactant to another.

Question 20

oxidation

Answer 20

the loss of electrons by a species, accompanied by an increase in oxidation number.

Question 21

reduction

Answer 21

the gain of electrons by a species, accompanied by a decrease in oxidation number

Question 22

oxidizing agent

Answer 22

thee substance that accepts electrons in a reaction and undergoes a decrease in oxidation number

Question 23

oxidizing number

Answer 23

A number equal to the magnitude of the charge an atom would have if its sheared electrons were held completely by the atom that attracts them more strongly

Question 24

reducing agent

Answer 24

the substance that donate electrons in a redox reaction and undergoes an increase in oxidation number

Question 25

activity series of the metals

Answer 25

a listing of metals arranged in order of decreasing strength if the metal as a reducing agent in aqueous reaction