Chapter 3 Flashcards
anion
A negatively charged ion
binary compound
A compound made from two elements
bonding electron pair
A pair of valence electrons that is shared by two atoms and that holds the atoms close to each other
cation
A positively charged ion
Chemical bond
An attractive force that holds atoms together in a chemical compound
Covalent bond
A chemical compound that is formed by the sharing of two electrons between two atoms
double bond
a covalent bond in which four elections are shared between two atoms
electronegativity
A measure of the attraction of an element for electrons
ion
An aotm or group of atoms in which the numbers of protons and electrons are different
ionic compound
A chemical compound that is made from ions
molecule
An electrically neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
monatomic ion
An ion that consists of a single charged atom
nonbonding electron pair
A pair of valence electrons that is not shared with another atom
nonpolar covalent bond
a covalent bond in which neither atom has an electrical charge
octet rule
the tendency of atoms to have 8 valence electrons when they form molecules or ions.
polar covalent bond
a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared unequally
polyatomic ion
an ion that contains more than one atom
rule of charge balance
the rule that any ionic compound have equal amounts of positive and negative charge.
single bond
A covalent bond in which two atoms share one pair of electrons
triple bond
A covalent bond in which 6 electrons are shared between two atoms
stoichiometry
The study of the mass-mole-number relationships of chemical formulas and reactions
reactant
A starting substance in a chemical reaction
product
A substance formed in a chemical reaction
chemical equation
A statement that uses chemical formulas to express the identities and quantities of the substances involved in a chemical or physical change.
structural formula
A formula that shows the actual number of atoms, their relative placement, and the bonds between them.
combustion analysis
A method for determining the formula of a compound from the amounts of its combustion products.
isomer
One of two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but different properties, often as a result of different arrangements of atoms
empirical formula
A chemical formula that shows the lowest relative number of atoms of each element in a compound
molecular formula
A formula that shows the actual number of atoms of each element in molecule of a compound
