Chapter 3

Question 1

anion

Answer 1

A negatively charged ion

Question 2

binary compound

Answer 2

A compound made from two elements

Question 3

bonding electron pair

Answer 3

A pair of valence electrons that is shared by two atoms and that holds the atoms close to each other

Question 4

cation

Answer 4

A positively charged ion

Question 5

Chemical bond

Answer 5

An attractive force that holds atoms together in a chemical compound

Question 6

Covalent bond

Answer 6

A chemical compound that is formed by the sharing of two electrons between two atoms

Question 7

double bond

Answer 7

a covalent bond in which four elections are shared between two atoms

Question 8

electronegativity

Answer 8

A measure of the attraction of an element for electrons

Question 9

ion

Answer 9

An aotm or group of atoms in which the numbers of protons and electrons are different

Question 10

ionic compound

Answer 10

A chemical compound that is made from ions

Question 11

molecule

Answer 11

An electrically neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 12

monatomic ion

Answer 12

An ion that consists of a single charged atom

Question 13

nonbonding electron pair

Answer 13

A pair of valence electrons that is not shared with another atom

Question 14

nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 14

a covalent bond in which neither atom has an electrical charge

Question 15

octet rule

Answer 15

the tendency of atoms to have 8 valence electrons when they form molecules or ions.

Question 16

polar covalent bond

Answer 16

a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared unequally

Question 17

polyatomic ion

Answer 17

an ion that contains more than one atom

Question 18

rule of charge balance

Answer 18

the rule that any ionic compound have equal amounts of positive and negative charge.

Question 19

single bond

Answer 19

A covalent bond in which two atoms share one pair of electrons

Question 20

triple bond

Answer 20

A covalent bond in which 6 electrons are shared between two atoms

Question 21

stoichiometry

Answer 21

The study of the mass-mole-number relationships of chemical formulas and reactions

Question 22

reactant

Answer 22

A starting substance in a chemical reaction

Question 23

product

Answer 23

A substance formed in a chemical reaction

Question 24

chemical equation

Answer 24

A statement that uses chemical formulas to express the identities and quantities of the substances involved in a chemical or physical change.

Question 25

structural formula

Answer 25

A formula that shows the actual number of atoms, their relative placement, and the bonds between them.

Question 26

combustion analysis

Answer 26

A method for determining the formula of a compound from the amounts of its combustion products.

Question 27

isomer

Answer 27

One of two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but different properties, often as a result of different arrangements of atoms

Question 28

empirical formula

Answer 28

A chemical formula that shows the lowest relative number of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 29

molecular formula

Answer 29

A formula that shows the actual number of atoms of each element in molecule of a compound