Chapter 15 Flashcards
alcoholic fermentation
An energy producing metabolic pathway in which glucose is broken down into ethanol and carbon dioxide
anomers
One of the two isomeric forms of a carbohydrate that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group attached to the hemiacetal carbon atom.
carbohydrate
An organic compound with a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, or a large molecule built fro compounds that have this ratio.
Krebs cycle
A catabolic pathway that breaks down the acetyl-CoA into CO2, producing energy in the form of ATP, NADH, and FADH2
disaccharide
A carbohydrate that is built from two molecules of simple sugars
fermentation
A catabolic pathway that breaks down carbohydrates using the reactions of glycolysis, but that doesn’t require oxygen and doesn’t produce NADH and FADH2
glycolysis
A catabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing energy in the forms of ATP and NADH
glycosidic linkage
The chemical link between simple sugars in a disaccharide or polysaccharide
hemiacetal
An organic compound that is formed when an alcohol combines with an aldehyde or a ketone
high energy molecule
A biological compound that produces a significant amount of energy when it is hydrolyzed, such as ATP
lactic acid fermentation
A metabolic pathway in which glucose is broken down into lactate ions
monosaccharide
The simplest type of carbohydrate
polysaccharide
A carbohydrate that is built from many simple sugars linked together
reducing sugar
A mono- or disaccharide that contains a hemiacetal group, allowing it to be oxidized easily
storage polysaccharide
A polysaccharide whose primary function is a fuel source for an organism
