Chapter 5

Question 1

pressure

Answer 1

The force exerted per unit of surface area

Question 2

barometer

Answer 2

A device used to measure atmospheric pressure. Most commonly, a tube open at one end, which is filled with mercury and inverted into a dish of mercury

Question 3

pascal

Answer 3

The SI unit of pressure; 1Pa=1N/m^2

Question 4

standard atmosphere

Answer 4

The average atmosphere pressure measured at sea level and 0C, defined as 1.01325x10^5 Pa

Question 5

millimeter of mercury(torr)

Answer 5

A unit of pressure based on the difference in the heights of mercury in a barometer or manometer.

Question 6

torr

Answer 6

A unit of pressure identical to 1 mmHg

Question 7

ideal gas

Answer 7

A hypothetical gas that exhibits linear relationships among volume, pressure, temperature, and amount (mol) at all conditions; approximated by simple gases at ordinary conditions.

Question 8

boyle’s law

Answer 8

The gas law stating that, at constant temperature and amount of gas, the volume occupied by a gas is inversely proportional to the applied (external) pressure.

Question 9

charles’s law

Answer 9

The gas law stating that at constant pressure, the volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature

Question 10

Avogadro’s law

Answer 10

The gas law stating that, at fixed temperature and pressure, equal volumes of any ideal gas contain equal numbers of particles, and , therefore, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its amount

Question 11

standard temperature and pressure

Answer 11

The reference conditions for a gas

Question 12

standard molar volume

Answer 12

The volume of 1 mol of an ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure: 22.4141L

Question 13

ideal gas law

Answer 13

An equation that expresses the relationships among volume, pressure, temperature, and amount (mol) of an ideal gas: PV=nRT

Question 14

universal gas constant

Answer 14

A proportionality constant that relates the energy, amount of substance, and temperature of a system

Question 15

partial pressure

Answer 15

The portion of the total pressure contributed by a gas in a mixture of gases

Question 16

Dalton’s law of partial pressures

Answer 16

A gas law stating that, in a mixture of unreacting gases, the total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases

Question 17

mole fraction

Answer 17

A concentration term expressed as the ratio of moles of one component of a mixture to the total moles present

Question 18

kinetic-molecular theory

Answer 18

the model that explains gas behavior in terms of particles in random motion whose volumes and interactions are negligible

Question 19

rms speed

Answer 19

The speed of a molecule having the average kinetic energy; very close to the most probable speed

Question 20

effusion

Answer 20

The process by which a gas escapes from its container through a tiny hole into an evacuated space

Question 21

Graham’s law of effusion

Answer 21

A gas law stating that the rate of effusion of a gas inversely proportional to the square root of its density

Question 22

diffusion

Answer 22

the movement of one fluid through another

Question 23

van der Waals equation

Answer 23

an equation that accounts for the behavior of real gasses

Question 24

van der Waals constants

Answer 24

Experimentally determined positive numbers used in the van der Waals equation to account for the intermolecular attractions and molecular volume of real gasses