Chap 7 vocab

Question 1

electromagnetic radiation

Answer 1

Oscillating, perpendicular electric and magnetic fields moving simultaneously through space as waves manifested as visble light, x-rays, microwaves, radio waves ect

Question 2

Frequency (v)

Answer 2

The number of cycles a waave undergoes per second. rated to s^-1. also Hz

Question 3

Speed of Light (c)

Answer 3

A fundamental constant giving the speed at which electromagnetic radiation travels in a vacuum

Question 4

Amplitude

Answer 4

the height of the crest of a wave; related to the intensity of the energy.

Question 5

electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 5

the continuum of wavelengths of radiant energy.

Question 6

infrared (IR)

Answer 6

The region of the electromagnetic spectrum between the microwave and visible regions.

Question 7

Ultraviolet (UV)

Answer 7

Radiation in the region of the electromagnetic spectrum between the visible and x-ray regions

Question 8

Refraction

Answer 8

A phenomenon in which a wave changes its speed and therefore its direction as it passes through a phase boundary into a different medium

Question 9

Diffraction

Answer 9

The phenomenon in which a wave striking the edge of an object bends around it.

Question 10

Quantum Number

Answer 10

A number that specifies a property of an orbital or an electron

Question 11

Planck’s constant (h)

Answer 11

A proportionality constant relating the energy and frequency of a photon, equal to 6.626x10^-34J(s)

Question 12

Quantum

Answer 12

A packet of energy equal to hv. The smallest quantity of energy that can be emitted or absorbed

Question 13

Photoelectric Effect

Answer 13

The observation that when monochromatic light of sufficient frequency shines on a meta, an electric current is produced

Question 14

Photon

Answer 14

A quantum of electromagnetic radiation

Question 15

Line spectrum

Answer 15

A series of separated lines of different colors representing photons whose wavelengths are characteristic of an element

Question 16

stationary state

Answer 16

On of the allowable energy levels of the atom in which it does not release or absorb energy.

Question 17

ground state

Answer 17

The electron configuration of an atom or ion that is lowest in energy

Question 18

excited state

Answer 18

Any electron configuration of an atom or molecule other than the lowest energy state

Question 19

spectrometry

Answer 19

Any instrumental technique that uses a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to measure the atomic and molecular energy levels of a substance

Question 20

emission spectrum

Answer 20

The line spectrum produced when excited atoms return to lower energy levels and emit photons characteristic of the element

Question 21

absorption spectrum

Answer 21

The spectrum produced when atoms absorb specific wavelengths of incoming light and become excited from lower to higher energy levels

Question 22

de Broglie wavelength

Answer 22

The wavelength of a moving particle obtained from the de Broglie equation

Question 23

wave-particle duality

Answer 23

The principle stating that both matter and energy have wavelike and particle-like properties

Question 24

uncertainty principle

Answer 24

the principle stated by Werner Heisenberg that it is impossible to know simultaneously the exact position and velocity of a particle; the principle becomes important only for particles of very small mass

Question 25

quantum mechanics

Answer 25

the branch of physics that examines the wave motion of objects on the atomic size

Question 26

Schrodinger equation

Answer 26

An equation that describes how the electron matter-wave changes in space around the nucleus

Question 27

atomic orbital

Answer 27

A mathematic expression that describes the motion of the electron's matter-wave in terms of time and position in the region of the nucleus.

Question 28

electron density diagram

Answer 28

The pictorial representation for a given energy sub level of the quantity() as a function of r

Question 29

electron cloud depiction

Answer 29

An imaginary representation of an electron's rapidly changing position around the nucleus over time

Question 30

radial probability distribution plot

Answer 30

The graphic depiction of the total probability distribution() of an electron in the region near the nucleus.

Question 31

probability contour

Answer 31

A shape that defines the volume around an atomic nucleus within which an electron spends a given percentage of its time

Question 32

principal quantum number(n)

Answer 32

A positive integer that specifies the energy and relative size of an atomic orbital; a number that specifies an energy level in an atom

Question 33

angular momentum quantum number(l)

Answer 33

An integer from 0 to n-1 that is related to the shape of an atomic orbital

Question 34

magnetic quantum number(ml)

Answer 34

An integer from -l through 0 to l that specifies the orientation of an atomic orbital in the three dimensional space about the nucleus

Question 35

level

Answer 35

A specific energy state of an atom given by the principal quantum number (n)

Question 36

sublevel

Answer 36

An energy substate of an atom within a level. Given by the n and l values, the sub level designates the size and shape of the atomic orbitals

Question 37

s orbital

Answer 37

An atomic orbital with l=0

Question 38

p orbital

Answer 38

An atomic orbital with l=1

Question 39

d orbital

Answer 39

An atomic orbital with l=2