FFL-TFL Grammar Review Flashcards
In the active voice, the subject ___.
performs the action of the verb
Which demonstrative means the famous when it follows a noun?
ille illa illud
The future perfect tense endings are identical to ___ except for the ___.
the future tense of sum; 3rd person plural
Most 4th-declension nouns are ___ gender, but two common exceptions are ___.
masculine; domus and manus
The preposition cum takes the ___ case, and when combined with 1st/2nd personal pronouns results in what forms?
ablative; mecum, tecum, nobiscum, vobiscum
The 3rd person reflexive pronouns in Latin are ___.
sui sibi se, se
The declension a noun belongs to is determend by the ___ ending.
genitive singular
Most 5th-declension nouns are ___ gender, but one common exception is ___.
feminine; dies
The reflexive pronoun reflects back on the ___, is always in the ___, and never in the ___ case.
subject; predicate; nominative
In a sentence with a purpose clause, the main verb is in the ___ and the purpose clause is in the ___.
indicative; subjunctive
A subordinate clause that uses the subjunctive is the ___.
purpose clause
The intensive pronoun in Latin is ___.
ipse
A subjunctive clause is made negative by using the conjunction
ne
Usually an adjective of ___ precedes a noun, and an adjective of ___ follows a noun.
quantity or size; quality
Verbs that can take a direct object are called ___ verbs, and verbs that do not take a direct object are called ___.
transitive; intransitive
Give the stem vowels for all four conjugations.
1st - a, 2nd - ē, 3rd - none, 4th - i
How do you find the stem of a Latin noun?
Drop the genitive singular ending.
The verbs in a sentence with a purpose clause must ___ in tense.
correspond
The perfect subjunctive is identical to the ___ tense expect for ___.
future perfect; the 1st person singular
The present system of the 4th conjugation is essentially the same as the 3rd conjugation with the addition of ___.
the stem vowel i
A participle is a ___.
verbal adjective
Latin does not have the English articles ___.
a, an, the
Do the possessive pronoun adjectives function like adjectives or pronouns?
adjectives
What are the two ways to show possession in English?
preposition of and ’s
In Latin the indirect object is in the ___ case.
dative
Some adjectives use their ___ forms as adverbs. These forms end in either ___ or ___.
Two examples are ___ and ___.
neutuer singular accusative; -um; -e
multum, fácile
What is the neuter rule?
nominative and accusative endings are the same
nominative and accusative plural ending is -a
Demonstrative pronouns can be used as both ___.
pronouns and adjectives
The indicative mood describes activity that is ___.
real, actual
The future perfect tense is built on the ___ stem.
perfect
Give the two neuter and two feminine nouns of the 4th declension.
Cornu and genu are neutuer, and domus and manus are feminine.
What English helping verbs translate the future perfect tense?
will have
Give the six common question words in English.
who, what, when, where, why how
The persent subjunctive is formed by ___ or ___ these vowels before the personal ending:
1st conj. ___
2nd conj. ___
3rd conj. ___
3rd conj. io ___
4th conj. ___
adding; changing
substitute e for a
add a
substitute a for i, o, u
add a
add a
The infinitive of the 4th conjugation is
-ire
Give three vocative expressions that illustrate the vocative rule.
Et tu, Brute?
Benedic Dómine nos
fili mi
The perfect tense is built on the ___ stem.
perfect
Give two prepositions that can either take the ablative or the accusative case.
in, sub
Give an exampole of degrees of comparison in English using the adjective great.
great, greater, greatest
The stem vowel of the 2nd conjugation is ___.
ē
Give the five vowel letters and their long sounds in Latin.
a, e, i, o, u
/ah/ /ay/ /ee/ /oh/ ōō/
In Enlgish, some adjectives require a ___ to complete their thought.
prepositional phrase
The perfect system is ___ regular in all four conjugations.
perfectly
What are the two types of direct questions?
1) questions introduced by question words
2) questions answered with a yes or no
The 3rd person reflexive pronoun adjective in Latin is ___.
suus sua suum
Verb families are called ___.
conjugations
The genitive singular of the 5th declension is ___.
-ei
In Latin an adjective must agree with its noun in ___, ___, and ___, but not ___.
gender, number, case; declension
Give the names for the three forms of the English present tense.
simple present, progressive present, emphatic present
Verb familes are called ___, and noun families are called ___.
conjugations; declensions
Name the four verb complements you have learned.
predicate nominative, predicate adjective, direct object, indirect object
Give the Pronoun Agreement Rule.
A pronoun agress with its antecedent in gender and number, but its case is determined by its function in its own clause.
What does an adjective do?
An adjective modifies or describes a noun or pronoun.
How many of the seven basic sentence patterns have complements?
six
Three exceptions to the 1st-declension gender rule are ___.
agricola, nauta, poeta
Nostrum and vestrum are used for the ___ genitive.
partitive
The ___ implies a comparison among more than two persons or things.
superlative
Masculine and feminine nouns of the 3rd declension have ___ case endings.
the same
Give two examples of adjectives used as nouns in English.
the poor, the good, the bad, the ugly, the tired, the weary, etc.
Nostri and vestri are used for the ___ genitive.
objective
In what three respects does hic refer to something close to the speaker?
time, space, thought
What English helping verbs translate the Latin perfect tense?
have, has, did
Which demonstrative is also used as the 3rd person personal pronoun?
is ea id
The infinitive ending for all 1st conjugation verbs is ___.
-are
Give three translations for amavi.
I loved, I have loved, I did love
Give the three nominative singular endings for 2nd-declension masculine nouns.
-us, -er, -ir
When the action of the verb is performed by a NON-LIVING THING, the construction is called ___ and the preposition is ___.
ablative of means; omitted
The superlative adjective is declined like ___.
bonus -a -um
A deliberative question is asked in ___ or ___ and is expressed in English by the helping verb ___.
doubt; indignation; should
What is the first complement in this text?
the complementary infinitive
Latin often uses the ___ as a noun to describe a group of people or things.
masculine or neuter nominative plural adjective
How do you find the perfect stem?
Drop -i from the 3rd principal part.
The genitive singular of a 2nd-declension noun always ends in ___.
-i
Give the singular and plural imperatives of sum.
es, este
Name the two subgroups of the 2nd declension, and give their gender.
- -us nouns with masculine gender
- -um nouns with neuter gender
The tenses that make up the present system are ___, ___, ___ and they are built on the ___.
perfect, pluperfect, future perfect; perfect stem
Give the six attributes of a Latin verb.
conjugation, person, number, tense, voice, mood
To form the plural imperative of all but the 3rd conjugation add ___ to the singular imperative
-te
Give the Latin word for we: ___ for us:
nos; nos
A superlative adjective used to indicate degree rather than comparisons means ___.
very
Prepositions that express motion forward generally take what case?
accusative
Give the three exceptions to the Vocative Rule.
meus = mi
deus = deus
Jesus = Jesu
The ___ can be used to show purpose in English, but not in Latin.
infinitive
The subject tells
who or what the sentence is about
Some adjectives, especially of quantity and number, form adverbs with the ___.
accusative singular
Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are hard before
a, o, u, consonants
What are the two types of adjectives in Latin
1st/2nd-declension and 3rd-declension
The accent is on the ___ unless the ___ is marked.
penult; antepenult
Give the dative and ablative plural of fília and dea.
filiabus, deabus
What is an antecedent?
An antecedent is the noun the pronoun takes the place of.
What is Sentence Pattern #2?
Subject + Verb + Direct Object
The 4th principal part is a ___.
participle
To form the passive forms of the present system, substitute ___ personal endings for ___ personal endings.
passive; active
What is the difference between a phrase and a clause?
A phrase does not have a subject and a verb, and a clause does.
The degrees of comparison are:
positive, comparitive, superlative
Give the three moods of Latin verbs.
indicative, imperative, subjunctive
Nouns that name non-living things have ___ gender.
grammatical
The present system of 3rd io verbs looks exactly like ___.
the present system of the 4th conjugation
3rd declension adjectives of two and three terminations are changed into adverbs by ___.
adding -iteror-er to the stem
The Latin comparitive is declined like a regular ___ noun.
3rd declension
What is Sentence Pattern #5
subject + verb + I.O. + D.O.
What English word adds an additional letter before words that begin with vowels?
a
Give two common indeclinable nouns.
satis nihil
What is the name of the 2nd principal part?
infinitive
The English infinitive is written with the particle ___ before the verb.
to
How many kinds of pronouns are there? Name them in pairs.
8: personal, possessive; reflexive, intensive; interrogative, relative; demonstrative, indefinite
What is the to/for case?
dative
To show possession in the 1st and 2nd person, use the possessive pronoun adjectives:
meus tuus noster vester
Adverbs stand ___ the verbs they modify.
before
What three declensions have nouns ending in -us in the nominative?
2nd, 3rd, 4th
Give the two voices of Latin verbs.
active and passive
Draw the gender triangle
Gender Triangle
Give the English forms of the to be verb.
am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
The Naught Nine have irregular forms in what cases?
genitive and dative
